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Questions and Answers
What is an atom?
The basic structural unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.
Which particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
Electrons are located in the nucleus of an atom.
False
The mass number (A) is the sum of the number of __________ and __________.
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How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
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What is the charge of a proton?
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What does the atomic number (Z) represent?
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What is an isotope?
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Electrons are negatively charged with a mass of __________ amu.
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Match the following subatomic particles with their properties:
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Study Notes
Chemistry Overview
- The course covers methods, measurements, atomic structure, chemical equations, states of matter, solutions, energy dynamics, and nuclear chemistry.
- Key chapters include principles from General, Organic, and Biochemistry.
Composition of the Atom
- An atom is the fundamental unit of an element retaining its chemical properties.
- Atoms consist of electrons, protons, and neutrons, arranged with electrons in the outer regions and protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Atomic Structure
- The nucleus is dense and positively charged, housing protons (positive charge) and neutrons (neutral).
- Electrons possess a negative charge and occupy the space outside the nucleus, moving rapidly in a large volume.
Charge and Neutrality
- Protons and electrons have equal magnitudes of charge but opposite signs.
- A neutral atom maintains an equal number of protons and electrons, resulting in no net charge.
Atomic Number and Mass Number
- The atomic number (Z) indicates the number of protons in an atom.
- The mass number (A) is the sum of protons and neutrons.
- Relationship:
- Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons
- Number of neutrons = Mass number (A) - Atomic number (Z)
Subatomic Particle Properties
- Electrons: Charge -1, Mass ~ 0.0005 amu (9.1095 x 10^-28 grams)
- Protons: Charge +1, Mass ~ 1.0 amu (1.6725 x 10^-24 grams)
- Neutrons: Charge 0, Mass ~ 1.0 amu (1.6750 x 10^-24 grams)
Example Calculations
- Practice determining the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in specific isotopes, such as:
- Boron-11 (11/5 B)
- Iron-55 (55/26 Fe)
Isotopes
- Isotopes are variations of the same element differing in neutron number while maintaining the same proton count.
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