General Chemistry CHEM 100 Chapter 1

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Questions and Answers

What is the SI unit for mass?

Kilogram (correct)

Pound

Milligram

Gram

Which statement best describes scientific notation?

It is not commonly used in scientific language.

It is only applicable in non-SI units.

It is used only for large measurements.

It can represent both very large and very small measurements. (correct)

What does density serve as in scientific calculations?

A measure of volume

A conversion factor (correct)

A temperature scale

A mass unit

Which of the following is NOT one of the seven fundamental units?

Kilowatt Signup and view all the answers

Why are units important in scientific measurements?

They convey quantifiable information. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of converting between SI and non-SI units?

To facilitate better understanding and communication of scientific data. Signup and view all the answers

In scientific practice, what does using a calculator help with?

Performing precise calculations. Signup and view all the answers

How is speed commonly used in scientific measurements?

As a conversion factor. Signup and view all the answers

What is the common unit for measuring small volumes in scientific experiments?

Milliliter Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard notation for 1.528 x 10^5 kg?

152,800 kg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the number 1.64 x 10^7 L in standard notation?

16,400,000 L Signup and view all the answers

How is 1.35 x 10^-5 m expressed in standard notation?

0.0000135 m Signup and view all the answers

If 8.28 x 10^-3 g is converted to standard notation, what is the result?

0.00828 g Signup and view all the answers

When converting 0.0000032 grams to scientific notation, what is the correct representation?

3.2 x 10^-6 grams Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of bits in 160,000,000 bits expressed in megabits?

160 megabits Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest measurement from the content provided?

3.2 x 10^-6 grams Signup and view all the answers

What unit measurement is given for $21.99?

dollars Signup and view all the answers

In scientific notation, how is the measurement 200 g expressed?

2.0 x 10^2 g Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the content, how is 0.0000032 grams also referred to?

3.2 micrograms Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate density?

Density = mass/volume Signup and view all the answers

What would be the mass of a block of aluminum with a volume of 1.32 L if its density is 2.70 g/mL?

3,564 g Signup and view all the answers

What is the density of a gas that has a mass of 1.60 g and fills a volume of 1200 mL?

0.00133 g/mL Signup and view all the answers

If an antifreeze mixture has a density of 1.06 g/mL, what volume will 600 g of this solution occupy?

564.15 mL Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of an 8.0 cm³ cube of pure silver if its density is 10.5 g/cm³?

84 g Signup and view all the answers

In scientific notation, what is the conversion of $21.99$?

2.199 x 10^1 Signup and view all the answers

What are the two components of all measurements?

Numbers and units Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key feature of scientific notation?

It allows the representation of large and small numbers Signup and view all the answers

What method is essential for converting between SI unit prefixes?

Dimensional analysis Signup and view all the answers

What does the scientific notation $5.1 x 10^{-2}$ represent?

0.051 Signup and view all the answers

How many digits do you move when converting $2,500,000$ L to scientific notation?

6 digits Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of $10^{-3}$?

0.001 Signup and view all the answers

What does moving a decimal point to the right signify in scientific notation?

Decreasing the value Signup and view all the answers

The scientific notation for $137,000,000,000$ J is:

$1.37 x 10^{11}$ J Signup and view all the answers

What is the scientific notation equivalent of $0.000326$ cm?

$3.26 x 10^{-4}$ cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using SI unit prefixes?

To represent the size of a number Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of a copper pellet that is 231 mg in grams?

0.231 g Signup and view all the answers

How many liters of IV fluid does a patient receive in one day if administered at a rate of 95.0 cm³ per hour?

2.28 L Signup and view all the answers

How many nanoseconds are there in 2 hours?

7.2 x 10^12 ns Signup and view all the answers

What is the speed of light, given as 3.00 x 10^8 m/s, converted to miles per hour?

6.71 x 10^8 mi/h Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conversion factors can be used to convert 1 cm³ to liters?

1,000 cm³ = 1 L Signup and view all the answers

How many seconds are there in one day?

86,400 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is the equivalent of 1,000 mL in cubic centimeters?

1,000 cm³ Signup and view all the answers

When converting units, how should one treat these units?

Like algebra to facilitate conversion Signup and view all the answers

If you need to convert hours to seconds, which factor is necessary?

1 hr = 3600 s Signup and view all the answers

What does 'cm³' directly relate to in volume conversions?

milliliters Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Learning Objectives

Identify the seven fundamental units in science.
Rewrite numbers using scientific notation and convert back to standard form.
Convert between various SI (International System of Units) and non-SI units.
Utilize density and speed as conversion factors.
Connect measurements with laboratory practices.

Measurements and Units

Units of measurement communicate quantities and accepted values, such as "10 seconds" or "12 centimeters."
Essential to consider both numbers and units together in scientific language.

Fundamental Units

Seven fundamental units exist in chemistry, with the most common mass unit being "grams," while the SI unit is "kilograms."
Fundamental units form the basis for all other measurements in chemistry.

Scientific Notation

Scientific notation facilitates representation of very large or small numbers.
Hydrothermal worm measures 0.0005 meters; Earth to Sun distance is 149,600,000,000 meters.
Scientific notation example: 5.1 x 10² = 510 and 5.1 x 10⁻² = 0.051.

Conversion Techniques

Utilize scientific notation to simplify conversions, e.g., 2,500,000 L = 2.5 x 10⁶ L.
Dimensional analysis employs ratios of units for conversion, treating units like algebraic expressions.
Units cancel during conversion, ensuring accuracy, such as converting 231 mg to grams.

Practical Applications

Density, defined as mass per unit volume (d = m/V), is a critical conversion factor in laboratory settings.
Example: Aluminum density of 2.70 g/mL; how mass and volume relate through this factor.
Calculating gas density from measured mass and volume for practical understanding of gas behavior.

Exercises and Practice

Students should engage in practice problems involving scientific notation and unit conversions.
Homework includes finding the largest and smallest numbers in their environment, determining units, and converting to scientific notation.

Studying That Suits You

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Description

Test your understanding of Measurements and Conversions in General Chemistry. This quiz covers fundamental units, scientific notation, and SI unit conversions. Ideal for students looking to reinforce their foundational knowledge in chemistry.