Chemistry Chapter 1 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the equivalent of 1 decimeter in meters?

  • 10 m
  • 0.1 m (correct)
  • 0.01 m
  • 1 m

    • Which prefix corresponds to a factor of 0.000001?

  • micro (μ) (correct)
  • milli (m)
  • nano (n)
  • centi (c)

    • What does the prefix 'pico' denote in the metric system?

  • 0.0001
  • 0.00001
  • 0.000000001
  • 0.000000000001 (correct)

    • Which of the following is the correct exponential notation for a centimeter?

    <p>$1 \times 10^{-2}$ m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metric prefix represents a factor of $1 \times 10^{-15}$?

    <p>femto (f)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best defines matter?

    <p>Anything that has mass and volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a physical property?

    <p>Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a chemical change best described?

    <p>A change that results in the formation of new substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'composition' refer to in chemistry?

    <p>The types and amounts of simpler substances in a sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about changes in physical state is accurate?

    <p>They are reversible and do not change composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a physical property?

    <p>Corrosiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'significant figures' in measurement?

    <p>The digits in a number that contribute to its precision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes a physical change?

    <p>A change that affects only the physical form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI unit abbreviation for mass?

    <p>kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following prefixes represents a factor of $10^9$?

    <p>giga</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cannot reverse a chemical change?

    <p>A change in temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI unit for luminous intensity?

    <p>cd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many grams are in one teragram (Tg)?

    <p>1x10^12 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prefix represents a factor of 100?

    <p>hecto</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI base unit for temperature?

    <p>kelvin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a base physical quantity in SI units?

    <p>Speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit abbreviation for electric current?

    <p>A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following prefixes corresponds to a factor of 1,000,000?

    <p>mega</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of density?

    <p>The mass of a substance divided by its volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an extensive property?

    <p>Mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does precision refer to in measurements?

    <p>The consistency of a series of measurements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct conversion factor for converting miles to feet?

    <p>1 mi = 5280 ft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects the number of significant figures in a measurement?

    <p>The estimated digit in the measurement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is density calculated?

    <p>Density = mass / volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A systematic error in measurements produces results that are:

    <p>Consistently higher or lower than the actual value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the volume of a solid block determined?

    <p>By measuring the dimensions and using the formula for volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance has the highest density at room temperature?

    <p>Gold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the increase in volume of the water when galena is added?

    <p>4.6 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of lithium is highlighted in relation to its use in batteries?

    <p>Its low density.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes accuracy?

    <p>The correctness of measurements to the true value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what conditions is the density of substances listed measured?

    <p>20°C and 1 atm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a piece of galena has a volume of 4.6 mL, what is this volume in cubic centimeters (cm³)?

    <p>4.6 cm³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will happen to the volume of water in a graduated cylinder if a substance less dense than water is added?

    <p>The volume will increase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of density?

    <p>It is a characteristic physical property.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of Chemistry

    • Chemistry is defined as the study of matter, its properties, the changes it undergoes, and the energy associated with those changes.
    • Matter is anything with mass and volume, including everyday objects like books and trees.

    Key Definitions

    • Composition: Refers to the types and amounts of substances that make up a sample of matter.
    • Properties: Attributes that give each substance a unique identity, categorized into physical and chemical properties.

    Physical States and Properties

    • Physical Properties: Characteristics observed without interaction with other substances (e.g., color, melting point, boiling point).
    • Chemical Properties: Properties that emerge when a substance interacts or transforms into other substances (e.g., flammability, corrosiveness).

    Changes in Matter

    • A change of state is a physical change where the form alters but composition remains unchanged; it is reversible via temperature changes.
    • Chemical changes alter substance composition and cannot simply revert through temperature adjustments.

    Scientific Measurement and Units

    • SI Base Units include:
      • Mass: kilogram (kg)
      • Length: meter (m)
      • Time: second (s)
      • Temperature: kelvin (K)
      • Electric current: ampere (A)
      • Amount of substance: mole (mol)
      • Luminous intensity: candela (cd)

    Conversion Factors and Calculations

    • Conversion Factor: A ratio of equivalent quantities used to convert between different units.
    • Example: 1 mile = 5280 feet leads to the conversion factor of 1 mi / 5280 ft.

    Density

    • Density Formula: Density is calculated as mass divided by volume.
    • Density is a characteristic physical property at specific temperature and pressure conditions.

    Common Densities

    • Selected substance densities at room temperature (20°C):
      • Hydrogen: 0.0000899 g/cm³ (gas)
      • Water: 0.998 g/cm³ (liquid)
      • Gold: 19.3 g/cm³ (solid)

    Significant Figures

    • All measurements include uncertainty; the last digit is always estimated.
    • The number of significant figures reflects the certainty of a measurement.

    Precision, Accuracy, and Error

    • Precision: Closeness of measurements to each other.
    • Accuracy: Closeness of a measurement to the actual value.
    • Systematic Error: Consistent bias in measurements (higher/lower than actual).
    • Random Error: Fluctuates both above and below the true value.

    Extensive vs. Intensive Properties

    • Extensive Properties: Dependent on the quantity of the substance (e.g., mass, volume).
    • Intensive Properties: Independent of the quantity of substance (e.g., density).

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    Description

    Test your understanding of the fundamental definitions, scientific approach, and units of measurement covered in Chapter 1 of 'Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change'. This quiz will help reinforce your knowledge of key concepts and the importance of accuracy in scientific measurements.

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