General Chemistry 2 - 12th Grade Quarter 3

General Chemistry 2 - Monlimar Development Academy, Inc.

• Grade Level: 12
• Quarter: 3rd Quarter
• School Year: 2024-2025
• Teacher: Ms. Senika Louise S. Tamang

Subject Description

• This course builds on General Chemistry 1, delving deeper into chemical principles.
• Focuses on advanced topics like chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, and nuclear chemistry.
• Explores practical applications in real-world scenarios, including industrial processes, environmental chemistry, and sustainable technologies.

Content Standard

• Learners demonstrate understanding of liquid and solid properties related to intermolecular forces between particles.

Performance Standard

• Learners design a simple investigation to determine the effect of dissolving a solid on boiling and freezing points of water.

Content and Performance Standard - Week One

• Learners use the kinetic-molecular model to explain liquid and solid properties, differentiating intermolecular forces.
• Learners identify intermolecular forces and describe properties of liquids (surface tension, viscosity, vapor pressure, boiling point, molar heat of vaporization).
• Learners explain the properties of water considering the molecular structure and intermolecular forces.
• Key Lesson Topic: Understanding plant and animal organ systems and their functions

Daily Routine

• Opening Prayer (Monlimar Prayer)
• Greetings
• Attendance Check
• Reminders of house rules
• Closing Prayer

Opening Prayer

• Students are gathered to glorify and honor God.
• Students ask for forgiveness of trespasses and wrongdoings.
• Students ask for understanding and concern for others.
• Students express gratitude for blessings received.
• Students pray for open minds and hearts to understand the lessons.

Checking of Attendance

• Procedure for checking student presence.

Drill and Review - Diagnostic Test (Questions and Answers)

• Question 1: Which statement regarding the kinetic molecular model is true?
  • Correct Answer: C. Molecules in a liquid are closer together than molecules in a gas.
• Question 2: What type of intermolecular force is most likely present between carbon dioxide molecules?
  • Correct Answer: C. Dispersion forces
• Question 3: Which liquid property is directly affected by stronger intermolecular forces?
  • Correct Answer: C. Increased surface tension
• Question 4: Which of the following exhibits hydrogen bonding?
  • Correct Answer: B. NH3
• Question 5: What unique property of water is explained by hydrogen bonding?
  • Correct Answer: C. Its high surface tension that allows small objects to float.

Motivation: Title of Planned Activity

• Activity title (no detail provided)

Motivation: Life Retrospective

• Activity 1 (no detail provided)
  • Questions:
    • What did you feel after watching the video?
    • What are your realizations about chemistry?
    • For you, what is chemistry?

Week 1 - Understanding Molecular Forces

• Grade Level: 12
• Quarter: 3rd Quarter
• School Year: 2024-2025
• Teacher: Ms. Senika Louise S. Tamang

Lesson Objectives

• Discuss kinetic molecular model
• Define intermolecular forces
• Identify intermolecular forces to the kinetic molecular model
• Explain the effects of intermolecular forces
• Explain the properties of water with its molecular structure and intermolecular forces

What is matter?

• Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.

Physical States

• Solid: Molecules are rigidly arranged in repeating patterns. Limited movement.
• Liquid: Molecules flow, filling their containers.
• Gas: Molecules move freely in all directions, with significant spaces between them.
• Plasma: Atoms lose electrons at very high temps, creating a mixture of electrons and nuclei.

Kinetic Molecular Theory

• Explains particle movement in different states of matter (atoms or molecules).

What are the two types of molecular forces?

• Intramolecular and intermolecular.

Intramolecular Forces of Attraction

• Forces holding atoms together within a molecule.

Intermolecular Forces of Attraction

• Forces existing between molecules.

Types of Intramolecular Forces

• Ionic Bond: Complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms.
• Covalent Bond: Atoms with similar electronegativities share electrons.
  • Nonpolar Covalent Bond: Atoms share electrons equally (difference in electronegativity < 0.5).
  • Polar Covalent Bond: Atoms share electrons unequally (difference in electronegativity > 0.5).

Types of Intermolecular Forces

• Dipole-Dipole Forces: Attractive forces between positive and negative ends of polar molecules.
• Hydrogen Bonding: Special dipole-dipole interaction between hydrogen atoms bonded to oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine atoms.
• London Dispersion Forces: Weakest intermolecular force; exists between all molecules.

Properties of Water

• Water as a Solvent: Water is attracted to other polar molecules and ions. Hydrophilic substances dissolve in water because of these interactions.
• Cohesion and Adhesion: Cohesion is the attraction between water molecules (hydrogen bonding). Adhesion is the attraction between water molecules and other polar substances.
• Density: Water is in lower density in the solid form (ice) compared to its liquid state, due to the arrangement of hydrogen bonds.
• Specific Heat Capacity: The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of water by one degree Celsius-high compared to other substances.
• Heat of Vaporization: The high heat of vaporization of water is due to the strength of hydrogen bonds that must be broken for molecules to fly off as a gas.

Activity 1 (Learning Objective)

• Identify the kinetic molecular model with intermolecular forces.

Activity 2 (Learning Objective)

• Compare Intramolecular and Intermolecular forces. - Create a concept map illustrating water's significance in life (personal, environmental, biological aspects).

Evaluating Learning - Written Work #1

• Directions: Conduct an experiment to observe the properties of cohesion and adhesion using simple materials. Follow the guidelines provided.

• Experiment A: Water on a Coin

  • Materials: 1-peso, 5-peso, 20-peso coins, dropper, water container
  • Procedures: Add water drop by drop to each coin until the water spills.
  • Guide Questions:
    • How many drops did each coin hold?
    • What might explain the difference in drop capacity between the coins?
    • How does coin size and texture affect the cohesion of water?
    • What observations can you make about the shape of water on each coin?
    • Why do water molecules stick together to form a dome shape instead of spilling over immediately?

• Experiment B: Transferring Water with Yarn

  • Materials: Shot glasses (3), yarn, stopwatch or timer, water container
  • Procedures: Attach one end of the yarn to the water-filled glass, the other to the empty glass, and let the water slowly traverse the yarn.
  • Guide Questions:
    • How fast did the water fill the empty glass each time?
    • What challenges were encountered during the water transfer?
    • How did the yarn tension affect the adhesion of water molecules? Did the rate of water transfer improve after repeated trials?
    • What can you conclude about the interaction between the yarn and water during the experiment?

Guidelines for Evaluating Learning

• Guidelines for conducting and recording observations in experiments on cohesion and adhesion. - Guidelines emphasize accuracy, consistency, safety. - The deadline for submission of outputs for these assessments written work. - Criteria for successful completion will be assessed using a rubric.

Rubrics for Evaluating Learning

• Preparation: Focuses on the readiness and organization of materials.
• Execution: Assessing the procedures followed during the cohesion and adhesion experiments.
• Observation and Recording: Assessing the accuracy and clarity in documenting observations and measurements obtained during experiments.
• Analysis and Interpretation: Evaluating the connections and analyses of results concerning cohesion and adhesion principles.
• Reflection: Assessing the analysis and application of learning and personal reflection.

Assignment - Pin it!

• Learners create a Venn Diagram comparing cohesion and adhesion. This should include aspects like the unique characteristics, roles, and examples of where these occurrences happen.

References

• List of research articles/videos used and their sources.

Closing Prayer

• Gratitude for the school day's events—good and not so good.
• Acknowledgment of blessings from a higher power.
• Seeking forgiveness for mistakes committed.
• Seeking blessings and protection for everyone's journey home, safety, families, schools, and countries.

End of Lesson

• Summary of the main concepts covered (Lesson 1: Understanding Molecules).
• Concluding remarks, and wishes for a pleasant experience thereafter.