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Questions and Answers
Chemistry is the study of matter, its composition, its structure, its properties, and the processes that matter undergoes and the energy changes that accompany these processes in ______.
chemistry
A property of matter that refers to the smell of a substance is known as ______.
odor
Flexibility refers to the ability of a material to ______, which is an important property in various applications.
bend
Flammability is a chemical property that describes how easily a substance can ______.
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A ______ substance is made of only one type of particle and has consistent properties throughout.
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In a physical change, there is a change in one or more physical properties of a substance without changing its ______.
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The ______ reaction is a type of chemical reaction where two or more substances combine to form a new compound.
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Toxicity is a property of matter that indicates how ______ a substance can be to living organisms.
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Study Notes
Importance of Chemistry
- Chemistry studies matter, its composition, structure, properties, processes, and associated energy changes.
- Significant contributions to human civilization include advancements in agriculture, such as crop enhancers and synthesized agriculture chemicals.
- Development of water treatment processes has improved public health and safety.
- Chemistry is recognized as the central science influencing various sectors like food, cleaners, energy, drugs, metals, and textiles.
Properties of Matter
- Matter: Anything that occupies space; for example, a wooden pencil.
Physical Properties
- Color: Visual attribute defining the hue of a substance.
- Malleability: Ability of a material to be shaped or deformed without breaking.
- Odor: Characteristic smell attributed to a substance.
- Texture: The feel of a substance upon touch; e.g., a soft blanket.
- Hardness: Resistance of a substance to deformation or scratching.
- Thermal Conductivity: Measure of a material's ability to conduct heat.
- Electrical Conductivity: Ability of a substance to conduct electricity.
- Absorbability: Capacity of a material to soak up fluids.
- Flexibility: Ability of a material to bend without breaking.
Chemical Properties
- Flammability: Ability of a substance to combust in the presence of oxygen.
- Reactivity: Tendency of a substance to undergo chemical reactions, releasing energy.
- Solubility: Capability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.
- Toxicity: Measure of how harmful a substance is to living organisms.
Changes in Matter
- Physical Change: Involves alterations in physical properties, such as shape or state, without changing chemical composition (e.g., breaking an egg, shredding paper).
- Chemical Change: Involves transformations that result in new substances being formed.
Types of Chemical Reactions
- Combination Reaction: Two or more substances combine to form a single product.
- Decomposition Reaction: A single compound breaks down into two or more products.
- Single Replacement Reaction: An element replaces another element in a compound.
- Double Replacement Reaction: The exchange of components between two compounds.
Classification of Matter
-
Pure Substance: Consists of a single type of particle, e.g., oxygen and nitrogen.
- Element: Basic substances that cannot be broken down; metals are shiny and found in specific locations on the periodic table.
- Compound: Formed from two or more elements chemically bonded in fixed proportions.
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Mixture: Combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.
- Homogeneous Mixture: Uniform composition throughout, exhibiting one phase (e.g., solid-liquid mixtures).
- Heterogeneous Mixture: Not uniform and may consist of different phases.
- Colloids: Intermediate mixtures exhibiting properties of both homogeneous and heterogeneous substances.
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Description
Explore the foundations of chemistry in this quiz, which covers its significance, the study of matter, and the various processes and energy changes involved. Understand how chemistry plays a vital role in advancements such as agriculture and water treatment, contributing to societal benefits.
