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Questions and Answers
What is the process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells called?
Mitosis
The major purpose of mitosis is for growth and to replace worn out cells.
True
Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?
What is the G0 phase?
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Which cells typically remain in G0 permanently?
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During the G1 phase, the cell has significant visible changes.
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What happens during the G2 phase?
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The cell cycle has two major phases: __________ and Mitotic phase.
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What structure is formed from the duplication of centrosomes?
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Match the following phases with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Mitosis Overview
- Mitosis is a cell division process resulting in two identical daughter cells.
- The purpose of mitosis includes growth and replacing worn-out cells.
- Errors during mitosis can lead to DNA changes potentially causing genetic disorders.
Cell Cycle
- An ordered series of events involving cell growth and division exists to produce two new daughter cells.
- The cell cycle consists of two main phases: Interphase and Mitotic Phase.
- Growth and replication are regulated stages of the cell cycle.
Interphase
- Represents the "between" phase where the cell undergoes normal growth processes.
- Comprises three stages: G1, S, and G2.
- During G1, the cell accumulates DNA building blocks and energy reserves.
- During S phase, DNA replication occurs, forming sister chromatids attached at the centromere.
- G2 phase involves energy replenishment for mitosis preparation.
G0 Phase
- A quiescent stage where cells may temporarily exit the cycle until an external signal triggers G1.
- Some cells, like mature cardiac muscle and nerve cells, remain in G0 permanently and rarely divide.
S Phase
- Nuclear DNA remains semi-condensed in chromatin during interphase.
- Sister chromatids form due to successful DNA replication.
Centrosomes and Cell Division
- Centrosomes duplicate during the interphase, leading to the formation of the mitotic spindle.
- Each centrosome consists of a pair of centrioles positioned at right angles to each other.
- Centrioles play a crucial role in organizing cell division.
Mitosis Initiation
- As mitosis begins, the Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum fragment and disperse towards the cell's periphery.
- The nucleolus disperses, and centrosomes start moving to opposite poles of the cell.
- Microtubules extend from centrosomes, pushing them further apart.
- Sister chromatids condense and become visible during mitosis with the help of condensin proteins.
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Description
This quiz covers the phases of mitosis, focusing on the resting phase and the quiescent stage when cells enter a non-dividing state. Understand the process of a single cell dividing into two identical daughter cells and its implications in biology.
