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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of amino acids?
What is the main function of amino acids?
Which branch of biology focuses on the study of genes and genetic variation?
Which branch of biology focuses on the study of genes and genetic variation?
What is the central dogma of molecular biology related to?
What is the central dogma of molecular biology related to?
What do subatomic particles contribute to in biological systems?
What do subatomic particles contribute to in biological systems?
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How do molecules contribute to biological processes?
How do molecules contribute to biological processes?
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What is the basic function of DNA in living organisms?
What is the basic function of DNA in living organisms?
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What is the function of mRNA during transcription?
What is the function of mRNA during transcription?
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Which cellular organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?
Which cellular organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?
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What is the main function of organ systems in an organism?
What is the main function of organ systems in an organism?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of RNA?
Which of the following is NOT a function of RNA?
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What is the process where the information carried by mRNA is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids?
What is the process where the information carried by mRNA is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids?
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What is the primary goal of genetic engineering?
What is the primary goal of genetic engineering?
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Study Notes
Amino Acids and Proteins
- Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
- Proteins are large biomolecules composed of one or more chains of amino acids, essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs.
Levels of Biological Organization
- Subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons) form atoms through interactions like bonding.
- Atoms combine to form molecules through chemical bonds.
- Molecules assemble into macromolecules through various interactions.
- Organelles work together to form cells.
- Cells organize into tissues through cell specialization.
- Tissues combine to form organs through coordinated functions.
- Organs work together to form organ systems.
- Organ systems combine to form an organism.
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
- Describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system.
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is a double-stranded molecule containing genetic instructions.
- Replication: process where DNA makes an exact copy of itself prior to cell division.
- Transcription: process where a segment of DNA is copied into RNA by an enzyme called RNA polymerase.
- RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a single-stranded molecule that plays a crucial role in various biological processes.
- mRNA (Messenger RNA) is a type of RNA molecule synthesized during transcription that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.
- Translation: process where the information carried by mRNA is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids.
Genetic Engineering
- Involves manipulating an organism's genetic material to achieve desirable traits or outcomes.
- Applications include crop improvement, gene therapy, and biotechnology.
- Example: inserting a gene from a firefly into a tobacco plant to make it glow in the dark.
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Description
Learn about amino acids, the organic compounds that are the building blocks of proteins, as well as proteins, large biomolecules vital for the structure, function, and regulation of the body. Explore the levels of biological organization and genetics in this comprehensive biology lesson.
