General Biology 2: Respiratory System
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General Biology 2: Respiratory System

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

  • To regulate body temperature
  • To facilitate digestion and absorption of nutrients
  • To move oxygen into body tissues and remove carbon dioxide from cells (correct)
  • To produce sound and speech

    • What is the term for the process of moving air into and out of the lungs?

  • Pulmonary ventilation (correct)
  • Respiratory zone
  • External respiration
  • Conducting zone

    • What is the region of the pharynx where air and food pass through?

  • Trachea
  • Oropharynx and laryngopharynx (correct)
  • Laryngopharynx
  • Nasopharynx

    • What is the term for the exchange of gases between pulmonary blood and alveoli?

    <p>External respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specialized structure used for gas exchange in most terrestrial vertebrates?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two zones of the respiratory system?

    <p>Respiratory zone and conducting zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the volume of the lungs on air pressure?

    <p>Air pressure decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the relaxed diaphragm?

    <p>Dome-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pressure inside the lungs during inhalation?

    <p>Pressure decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the contraction of the diaphragm during breathing?

    <p>The thoracic volume increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the elevation of the rib cage during breathing?

    <p>The thoracic volume increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the air during exhalation?

    <p>Air moves out due to increased pressure inside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the diaphragm during inhalation?

    <p>To contract and depress the diaphragm, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are responsible for elevating the ribs during inhalation?

    <p>Serratus anterior and scalene muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pressure inside the thoracic cavity during inhalation?

    <p>It decreases, allowing air to flow into the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the transversus thoracis muscle during exhalation?

    <p>It helps to depress the ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of breathing is the pressure inside the thoracic cavity equal to the outside pressure?

    <p>At rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the volume of the thoracic cavity increasing during inhalation?

    <p>Air flows into the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory System

    • Respiratory systems are organs that exchange gases with the environment.

    Functions

    • Allow oxygen into body tissues and remove carbon dioxide from cells.

    Specialized Structures

    • Gills (Aquatic Animals)
    • Spiracles (Terrestrial Insects)
    • Lungs (Most Terrestrial Vertebrates)

    Pulmonary Ventilation

    • Moving air into and out of the lungs (breathing)

    External Respiration

    • Gas exchange between pulmonary blood and alveoli
    • Oxygen is loaded into the blood
    • Carbon dioxide is unloaded from the blood

    Zones of the Respiratory System

    • Respiratory Zone: where gas exchange occurs within the lungs
    • Conducting Zone: where air comes in and out of the body

    Human Respiratory System

    • Three regions of the pharynx (throat): Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and Laryngopharynx
    • The oropharynx and laryngopharynx are common passageways for air and food

    Lung Structure

    • Left lung has two lobes: superior and inferior
    • Right lung has three lobes: superior, middle, and inferior
    • Apex extends up to the base of the neck, above the first rib
    • Base of the lung sits on the diaphragm

    External Respiration Processes

    • Pulmonary ventilation or breathing
    • Gas diffusion across the respiratory membrane and between blood and body tissues
    • Transport of O2 and CO2 in blood

    Internal Respiration

    • Absorption and use of oxygen by tissue cells
    • Release of carbon dioxide from tissue cells

    Pressure and Airflow into Lungs

    • Increase in volume decreases air pressure
    • Decrease in volume increases air pressure

    Changes in Thoracic Volume

    • Relaxed diaphragm is dome-shaped
    • Contraction pulls it downward, expanding the lungs
    • Rib cage elevation expands the thorax, relaxation depresses it

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the respiratory system, including its function, importance, and key terms. Learn about the process of respiration and how it relates to cellular respiration. This quiz is designed for General Biology 2 students.

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