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Questions and Answers
What is responsible for the transportation of food, water, and minerals in a plant?
What is responsible for the transportation of food, water, and minerals in a plant?
- Flower
- Leaves
- Stems
- Roots (correct)
Which part of a plant is responsible for guttation, exuding water from the leaf margins?
Which part of a plant is responsible for guttation, exuding water from the leaf margins?
- Root
- Leaf (correct)
- Flower
- Stem
What part of a plant helps in preventing dehydration and withering by having cuticles?
What part of a plant helps in preventing dehydration and withering by having cuticles?
- Flower
- Stems
- Leaves (correct)
- Roots
Which hypothesis proposes that water is transported in the xylem due to root pressure?
Which hypothesis proposes that water is transported in the xylem due to root pressure?
Which part of the plant system is found below the ground and can sometimes emerge above ground?
Which part of the plant system is found below the ground and can sometimes emerge above ground?
What part of the xylem allows for water transport and can cause guttation in plants?
What part of the xylem allows for water transport and can cause guttation in plants?
What is the term for the high pressure potential created within the phloem during movement?
What is the term for the high pressure potential created within the phloem during movement?
Which nutrient is considered a micronutrient for growing plants?
Which nutrient is considered a micronutrient for growing plants?
What is the role of nectarine in plants?
What is the role of nectarine in plants?
What type of reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent?
What type of reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent?
In which type of plant do vascular bundles have a ring-like structure?
In which type of plant do vascular bundles have a ring-like structure?
What is the process that leads to the movement of water from phloem back to xylem due to increased solute potential?
What is the process that leads to the movement of water from phloem back to xylem due to increased solute potential?
What is the main molecular attraction responsible for water movement in plants?
What is the main molecular attraction responsible for water movement in plants?
Which plant structure supports the sieve tube by metabolism and regulation but does not transport sugar?
Which plant structure supports the sieve tube by metabolism and regulation but does not transport sugar?
What is the shape formed due to the tension or air left in the position where water used to be after evaporation?
What is the shape formed due to the tension or air left in the position where water used to be after evaporation?
In the Pressure Flow Model, what leads to movement from xylem to phloem?
In the Pressure Flow Model, what leads to movement from xylem to phloem?
What happens to sugar sinks and sources depending on the seasons and stages of development?
What happens to sugar sinks and sources depending on the seasons and stages of development?
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Study Notes
Surface Tension and Adhesion
- Surface tension forms between hydrogen molecules
- Adhesion is the molecular attraction between unlike molecules
- Cohesion is the molecular attraction between like molecules
Phloem Structure and Function
- Phloem transports sugar and other components
- Parts of phloem:
- Sieve pore
- Companion cell (supports sieve tube by metabolism and regulation)
- Phloem parenchyma
- Sieve tube elements (can produce sugar)
- Sugar source: where sugar is produced (usually leaves)
- Sugar sink: consumes or stores sugar (usually roots, stems, buds, and fruits)
Pressure Flow Model
- High concentration of sugar at the source leads to low solute potential
- Results in movement from xylem to phloem
Plant Form and Function
- Important parts of a plant:
- Roots
- Stems
- Leaves
- Flowers
- Buds
- Nodes
- Leaf blades
- Top root
- Lateral roots
- Shoot system: parts above ground
- Root system: parts below ground
Xylem Structure and Function
- Parts of xylem:
- Pits (allow water transport)
- Vessel elements (die as plant matures, causing dip hollows in trees)
- Tracheids (thin as hair)
- Xylem parenchyma cells
Hypotheses about Water Transport in Xylem
- 1st Hypothesis: Root Pressure
- Water is collected at the roots
- Water flows in, creating pressure
- Previous pressure creates an upward flow of water
- 2nd Hypothesis: Capillary Action
- Water moves through roots by osmosis
- Intake of water in roots increases water potential
- When stomata is closed at night, guttation occurs
Transport System in Plants
- Dicot: vascular bundle with a ring-like structure
- Monocot: vascular bundle with scattered structure
Essential Elements for Plant Growth
- Macronutrients:
- From air and water: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
- From soil: Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium
- Micronutrients in soil:
- Boron, Chlorine, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nitrogen, Zinc
Plant Hormones
- Growth promoters
- Growth inhibitors
- Nectarine: phytohormones released by certain trees that attract insects
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