General Biology 2: Genetic Engineering Process

Which of the following best describes the process of genetic engineering?

Genetic engineering is the same as genetic modification.

What is the primary function of a vector in genetic engineering?

Genetic engineering provides techniques to ______ DNA, either randomly or at specific sites.

Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:

What is the significant implication of shuffling genetic information between unrelated species?

Genetic engineering is only used in the agricultural industry.

What is one example of a genetically modified organism (GMO) and its specific benefit?

What is the primary purpose of introducing the genetically modified plasmid into bacteria or yeast cells?

The process of genetic modification involves inserting the gene for human insulin into a ______ which is then introduced into bacterial or yeast cells.

Genetic engineering in its modern form has been around for over 50 years.

What is the key benefit of using large fermentation vessels to grow the genetically modified bacteria or yeast?

Match the following techniques with their descriptions:

What is one social consequence of genetic engineering that makes the risk/benefit assessment complex?

The deliberate encouragement of specific crosses in animal breeding is a recent practice, developed in the past few decades.

Which of the following techniques is NOT regarded as genetic modification in EU regulations?

What is a hormone?

Where in the body is insulin produced?

What is the function of insulin?

Why are bacteria suitable for use in producing human insulin through genetic engineering?

The biomolecules used to extract a gene from a chromosome are _______ and _______.

The same restriction enzyme must be used to extract the gene from a chromosome and open the loop of DNA in a bacterium for successful genetic engineering because it ensures that the gene is inserted into the bacterial DNA at the right location and orientation.

What substances should be added to a bioreactor to enable bacteria to grow?

Give one advantage of using genetically engineered insulin compared to that extracted from pigs, sheep, or cattle.

Match the sheep in the cloning figure with their role in the process:

Post-zygotic barriers prevent further reproduction from occurring after fertilization and a ______ is formed.

Reduced hybrid viability occurs when offspring are sterile but able to survive.

Which of the following is NOT a common example of post-zygotic barriers?

What is the main difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation? Explain.

Match the following examples of post-zygotic barriers with their descriptions:

What is the result of polyploidy in sympatric speciation?

Allopatric speciation can only occur when there is a physical barrier separating populations.

What is a common example of sympatric speciation? Describe the process involved.

What is the primary role of hormones in the body?

Insulin is produced in the kidneys.

What is the function of insulin in the body?

The ______ enzyme is used to extract a gene from a chromosome.

Why are bacteria considered suitable for insulin production?

Match the following sheep with their contribution in the cloning process:

What key process led to the emergence of aerobic eukaryotic cells?

A clone is created when two different organisms reproduce.

The Cambrian explosion occurred over a period of 100 million years.

Define evolution in a single sentence.

What is the significance of transferring genetic materials from parents to offspring?

The first unicellular organisms were found in fossilized __________.

Match the following events in Earth's history with their significance:

What describes the cumulative changes in allele frequency of a population over generations?

Evolution occurs within a single generation.

What impact did the two-year drought have on the beetle population's size?