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Questions and Answers
What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics state?
What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics state?
The Second Law of Thermodynamics explains the loss of available energy during a process due to a tendency for disorder.
What does the First Law of Thermodynamics state?
What does the First Law of Thermodynamics state?
The First Law of Thermodynamics states energy can be converted or transduced into another form of energy.
What are enzymes and what do they do?
What are enzymes and what do they do?
Enzymes are proteins that help catalyze chemical reactions.
Hydrolysis of ATP does not have highly positive (\Delta G)
Hydrolysis of ATP does not have highly positive (\Delta G)
What does Gibbs Free Energy measure?
What does Gibbs Free Energy measure?
What is metabolism?
What is metabolism?
What is photosynthesis?
What is photosynthesis?
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
What is chlorophyll?
What is chlorophyll?
Light Energy is required for photosythesis to take place.
Light Energy is required for photosythesis to take place.
What are the products of photosynthesis?
What are the products of photosynthesis?
What is starch?
What is starch?
What is cellulose?
What is cellulose?
When a plant grown in the dark is tested for starch using iodine, the iodine will not change color.
When a plant grown in the dark is tested for starch using iodine, the iodine will not change color.
Growing in a greenhouse will not limit the rate of photosynthesis.
Growing in a greenhouse will not limit the rate of photosynthesis.
Leaves trap flies to gain extra nutrients is not a general leaf adaptation for photosynthesis.
Leaves trap flies to gain extra nutrients is not a general leaf adaptation for photosynthesis.
What are the uses of leaves?
What are the uses of leaves?
Tree planting does not cause atmospheric carbon dioxide levels to rise dangerously high.
Tree planting does not cause atmospheric carbon dioxide levels to rise dangerously high.
What is the ozone layer and what does it do?
What is the ozone layer and what does it do?
What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?
What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?
Thick is not a certain key features of leaves
Thick is not a certain key features of leaves
What is respiration used for?
What is respiration used for?
What are the raw materials for aerobic respiration?
What are the raw materials for aerobic respiration?
What are the waste products of aerobic respiration?
What are the waste products of aerobic respiration?
What is the product of aerobic respiration?
What is the product of aerobic respiration?
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
Animals carry out anaerobic respiration when they cannot get enough oxygen.
Animals carry out anaerobic respiration when they cannot get enough oxygen.
What is the main waste product of anaerobic respiration?
What is the main waste product of anaerobic respiration?
What does the statement "The conversion of proteins into amino acids which make muscle" describe?
What does the statement "The conversion of proteins into amino acids which make muscle" describe?
What does the statement "Allowing body temperature to change to match the air temperature" describe?
What does the statement "Allowing body temperature to change to match the air temperature" describe?
Muscles contract inefficiently during anaerobic respiration because glucose breakdown is building up an oxygen debt.
Muscles contract inefficiently during anaerobic respiration because glucose breakdown is building up an oxygen debt.
What is the example of someone who has gone through anaerobic respiration?
What is the example of someone who has gone through anaerobic respiration?
Match the characteristics to the correct respiration type:
Match the characteristics to the correct respiration type:
Anaerobic respiration is carried out when the supply of oxygen to the body's cell is high.
Anaerobic respiration is carried out when the supply of oxygen to the body's cell is high.
Aerobic respiration involves the complete breakdown of glucose.
Aerobic respiration involves the complete breakdown of glucose.
Aerobic respiration produces a lot of energy for the body.
Aerobic respiration produces a lot of energy for the body.
Anaerobic respiration produces a small amount of energy for the body.
Anaerobic respiration produces a small amount of energy for the body.
Aerobic respiration generates energy by turning glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water.
Aerobic respiration generates energy by turning glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water.
Anaerobic respiration generates energy by turning glucose into lactic acid.
Anaerobic respiration generates energy by turning glucose into lactic acid.
Aerobic respiration can be carried out for a long period of time.
Aerobic respiration can be carried out for a long period of time.
Anaerobic respiration can only be carried out for a short period of time.
Anaerobic respiration can only be carried out for a short period of time.
Aerobic respiration does not build up an oxygen debt.
Aerobic respiration does not build up an oxygen debt.
Anaerobic respiration builds up an oxygen debt.
Anaerobic respiration builds up an oxygen debt.
Flashcards
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Energy is lost as disorder increases during a process.
First Law of Thermodynamics
First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy can change forms but is never lost.
Enzymes
Enzymes
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions.
ATP
ATP
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Gibbs Free Energy
Gibbs Free Energy
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Metabolism
Metabolism
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Catabolism
Catabolism
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
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Photosynthesis Reactants
Photosynthesis Reactants
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Photosynthesis Product
Photosynthesis Product
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Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll
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Glucose
Glucose
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Starch
Starch
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Cellulose
Cellulose
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Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
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Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
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Respiration
Respiration
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Oxygen Debt
Oxygen Debt
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Muscle Contraction
Muscle Contraction
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Body Temperature
Body Temperature
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Footballer
Footballer
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Study Notes
General Biology 1 - Reviewer Notes
- Second Law of Thermodynamics: Explains the loss of usable energy in a process due to a tendency towards disorder.
- First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy can be converted or transferred from one form to another.
- Enzymes: Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions.
- ATP: The primary energy currency of a cell. ATP hydrolysis releases energy.
- Gibbs Free Energy: Measures the useful energy available in a system at a constant temperature and pressure.
- Metabolism: All chemical reactions in a cell.
- Catabolism: Chemical pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy.
- Photosynthesis: The process plants use to make food.
- Reactants: Carbon dioxide and water.
- Product: Glucose.
- Chlorophyll: The green pigment needed for photosynthesis.
- Light energy is essential for photosynthesis.
- Glucose: A product of photosynthesis, used for energy storage as starch.
- Cellulose: A complex carbohydrate used for cell walls, derived from glucose.
- Photosynthesis in Dark: Plants grown in the dark do not produce starch when tested with iodine.
- Leaf Adaptations for Photosynthesis: Leaves are adapted to maximize sunlight absorption and gas exchange. Greenhouse environments do not affect photosynthetic rates, nor do plants need extra nutrients for photosynthesis.
- Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Trees: Tree planting does not increase atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Oxygen production contributes to the ozone layer and the filtration of UV rays.
- Photosynthesis Equation: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
- Respiration (General): The process of obtaining oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
- Aerobic Respiration
- Occurs when sufficient oxygen is available.
- Completely breaks down glucose.
- Produces a significant amount of energy (ATP).
- The products are carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
- Equation: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy.
- This process typically occurs for an extended period.
- Anaerobic Respiration
- Occurs when limited oxygen is available.
- Incomplete breakdown of glucose.
- Produces a smaller amount of energy compared to aerobic.
- Produces lactic acid as a byproduct.
- Primarily occurs for a limited time.
- Lactic Acid: A waste product of anaerobic respiration.
- Energy Release (Respiration): Energy from respiration is used to maintain body temperature and for muscle function. Also, the conversion of proteins to amino acids is a use of energy from respiration.
- Physical Activity & Respiration: During prolonged exertion, respiration shifts from aerobic to anaerobic processes as oxygen levels diminish. Muscle inefficiency occurs with anaerobic respiration due to the build up of lactic acid. A person using muscular power for an extended period, like a football game, may experience anaerobic processes for some extended period until the oxygen supply can be restored.
- Footballer Example: Explains the body's response during high-intensity exercise where the athlete shifts gears from aerobic to anaerobic respiration due to insufficient oxygen.
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