General Biology 1: Cell Division

Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference in ploidy between the nuclei in mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis results in haploid nuclei, while meiosis results in diploid nuclei

Both are diploid in mitosis and haploid in meiosis (correct)

Both processes result in diploid nuclei

Both are haploid in mitosis and diploid in meiosis

During interphase, the cell undergoes DNA condensation.

False

Name the four stages of the mitotic phase.

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

The three stages of interphase are G1, S, and _____ phase.

G2 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phases of the cell cycle with their descriptions:

G1 Phase = Cell grows in size and undergoes metabolic activity S Phase = Replication of DNA occurs G2 Phase = Preparation for mitosis Mitotic Phase = Division of nucleus and cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mitosis?

Growth and repair Signup and view all the answers

Meiosis is essential for growth and repair in organisms.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of cell division?

Mitosis and Meiosis Signup and view all the answers

The process by which offspring are produced from a single fertilized egg is called __________.

cell division Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:

Mitosis = Results in identical daughter cells Meiosis = Involves crossing over and recombination Cell Cycle = Sequence of events in a cell's life Crossover = Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Division Overview

Cell division is essential for organism growth, reproduction, and tissue repair.
Two main types: mitosis (growth and repair) and meiosis (sexual reproduction).

The Cell Cycle

The cell cycle consists of interphase and the mitotic phase.
Interphase prepares the cell for division; subdivided into G1, S, and G2 phases:
- G1 (Gap 1): Cell growth and metabolic activity.
- S (Synthesis): DNA replication and organelle duplication.
- G2 (Gap 2): Synthesis of proteins for mitosis.

Mitosis

Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells.
Phases of mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, followed by Cytokinesis (PMAT).
Each daughter cell remains diploid (2n).

Meiosis

Meiosis results in four unique haploid daughter cells (n).
Two main stages: Meiosis I and Meiosis II.

Meiosis I

Chromosomes are replicated during the S phase, forming sister chromatids.
Reduction of chromosome number from diploid to haploid occurs in this phase.

Meiosis II

Sister chromatids separate, similar to mitosis.
Produces four genetically unique haploid gametes due to random assortment and crossing over.

Ploidy Levels

Haploid (n): One set of chromosomes, found in gametes.
Diploid (2n): Two sets of chromosomes, found in somatic cells.
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes (22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes).

Homologous Chromosomes

Chromosomes exist in pairs called homologues, except for sex chromosomes (X and Y).
Human somatic cells: 46 chromosomes (two copies of each).

Significance of Cell Division

Vital for the continuity of life, cellular repair, and genetic diversity in sexual reproduction.
Proper function of the cell cycle is crucial for preventing disorders and diseases associated with abnormal cell division.

Laboratory Activity

Focus on the study of cellular growth in crops and livestock.
Investigate cellular functions in onions' root tips to address agricultural issues.
Understanding mutations through the analysis of cell division in animals.

Description

This quiz focuses on the important concepts of cell division, specifically the stages of mitosis and meiosis. Students will learn to describe these processes and understand their controls, ensuring they grasp the key elements missed in class discussions. Perfect for anyone catching up on this fundamental biology topic.