General Anatomy for Dentistry - Lecture 5: CVS

General Anatomy for Dentistry - Lecture 5: Cardiovascular System (CVS)

• The cardiovascular system (CVS) comprises the heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries).
• The heart is a hollow muscular organ.
• It pumps blood to the body and lungs.
• It receives blood from the body and lungs.
• The heart is covered by the pericardium.
• The pericardium is the covering of the heart, consisting of a fibrous pericardium and a serous pericardium with parietal and visceral layers.
• The heart is located in the thorax, between the lungs, and is conical in shape with an apex, base, and two surfaces.
• The heart has four chambers: two atria (right and left) and two ventricles (right and left).
• Each atrium has an auricle (a small outgrowth).
• The right side of the heart is completely separated from the left side by septa (interatrial and interventricular septa).
• Each atrium and ventricle have valves between them.

Atria

• The right atrium receives blood from the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.
• The left atrium receives blood from the four pulmonary veins.
• The two atria are separated by the interatrial septum.

Ventricles

• The right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk.
• The left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta.
• The two ventricles are separated by the interventricular septum.

Valves of the Heart

• Aortic valve: Between the aorta and left ventricle.
• Pulmonary valve: Between the pulmonary trunk and right ventricle.
• Mitral (bicuspid) valve: Between the left atrium and left ventricle.
• Tricuspid valve: Between the right atrium and right ventricle.
• These valves ensure one-way blood flow.

Apex of the Heart

• The apex of the heart is formed by the left ventricle.
• It lies approximately 3 1/2 inches from the midline, in the left 5th intercostal space.

Blood Supply of the Heart

• The heart's blood supply comes from coronary arteries (right and left).
• The right coronary artery branches into marginal and posterior interventricular arteries.
• The left coronary artery branches into circumflex and anterior interventricular arteries.
• The coronary sinus collects venous drainage of the heart and returns the blood to the right atrium.

Conducting System of the Heart

• The heart's conducting system comprises specialized cardiac muscle cells that initiate and coordinate heart contractions.
• Key parts of the conducting system include the SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers.

Types of Circulation

• Systemic circulation: Circulation of blood between the heart and the whole body. The oxygenated blood is pumped through the aorta and the deoxygenated blood is drained through the vena cava (SVC, IVC).
• Pulmonary circulation: Circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs. Deoxygenated blood is pumped through the pulmonary trunk to the lungs, oxygenated blood returns to the heart through pulmonary veins.
• Portal Circulation: Circulation of blood between the gastrointestinal tract and the liver via the portal vein.

Blood Vessels

• Arteries carry oxygenated blood (except the pulmonary trunk).
• Veins carry deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary veins).
• Capillaries connect the ends of arteries and veins.

This quiz focuses on the cardiovascular system covered in Lecture 5 of General Anatomy for Dentistry. It explores the structure and function of the heart, including its chambers, valves, and protective coverings. Test your understanding of how the heart pumps blood and its anatomical features.