Gene Therapy and Vaccines Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of chronic inflammation of the liver associated with hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B virus (correct)

Fatty liver disease

Bacterial infection

Alcohol consumption

What was the first hepatitis B vaccine made from?

Plasma from infected persons (correct)

Yeast cells

Recombinant DNA

Bacterial cultures

What is the main purpose of introducing the Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR) gene into bone marrow cells of cancer patients?

To reduce the incidence of cancer recurrence

To enhance the immune system's response to chemotherapy

To protect bone marrow cells from chemotherapy's toxic effects (correct)

To stimulate blood vessel formation in tumors

Which method was used to create the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine?

Inserting viral DNA into yeast cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential advantage of the cholera vaccine produced from genetically engineered potatoes?

It can elicit an immune response when ingested Signup and view all the answers

How does anti-angiogenesis gene therapy work as a cancer treatment?

By reducing blood vessel formation at the tumor site Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective of therapeutic angiogenesis or VEGF gene therapy?

To restore and increase blood vessel formation in compromised tissues Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the TOMAVAC tomato-based vaccine against COVID-19?

It expresses the RBD subunit of the S1 protein Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes in vivo gene therapy from ex vivo gene therapy?

In vivo therapy administers genes directly into the body, while ex vivo therapy modifies cells in a lab Signup and view all the answers

How are vitamins typically synthesized in living organisms?

Plants and microorganisms synthesize them Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of medical-therapeutic agents derived from vitamins?

They are introduced as treatments beyond their nutritional roles Signup and view all the answers

What does the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein do in therapeutic angiogenesis?

It induces the formation of new blood vessels to improve oxygen delivery Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main challenges with the original method of hepatitis B vaccination?

High production cost Signup and view all the answers

What is one key advantage of plant tissue culture techniques in biotechnology?

It allows for the mass production of identical plant specimens. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a disadvantage of genetically modified crops?

Potential environmental effects and biodiversity loss. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of plant biotechnology, what is the significance of growth media composition?

It influences the yield of phytochemicals produced. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the learning outcomes related to the enhancement of natural products?

To analyze methods and elicitation protocols. Signup and view all the answers

Which methodology is important for the quantitative determination of bioactive metabolites?

Analytical methods specific to in vitro cultures. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an expected outcome from student presentations?

Development of team-working ability through group projects. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of plant biotechnology influences the growth regulators' effectiveness?

The specific growth media composition and environmental conditions. Signup and view all the answers

How can computer technology benefit students studying plant biotechnology?

By facilitating access to relevant information and research. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of recombinant human insulin compared to animal-sourced insulin?

It can cause fewer immune responses. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a general application of medical/pharmaceutical biotechnology?

Cultivation of crops for food production Signup and view all the answers

What process allows the introduction of the human insulin gene into bacteria for production?

Recombinant DNA technology Signup and view all the answers

Which substance was the first manufactured recombinant pharmaceutical?

Recombinant human insulin Signup and view all the answers

How does medical/pharmaceutical biotechnology aim to improve conventional pharmaceuticals?

By creating safer and more effective versions Signup and view all the answers

What role do E. coli bacteria play in the production of pharmaceuticals?

They serve as a gene carrier for hormone production. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a direct application of pharmaceutical biotechnology?

Producing insulin Signup and view all the answers

Which product is NOT typically produced by medical biotechnology?

Traditional antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of thrombolytic alteplase in medical biotechnology?

It converts plasminogen to the proteolytic enzyme plasmin. Signup and view all the answers

Which ingredient is NOT typically found in vaccines?

Live pathogens Signup and view all the answers

How do recombinant vaccines differ from conventionally produced vaccines?

Recombinant vaccines do not carry the risk of infectious contaminants. Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for the production of recombinant vaccines?

Identification and insertion of the target gene into a plasmid. Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of using alteplase over other thrombolytics such as streptokinase?

It binds to fibrin with a greater affinity. Signup and view all the answers

What type of microorganisms are typically used in the production of vaccines?

Nonvirulent microorganisms. Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the immune system to produce specific antibodies in a vaccinated individual?

Active ingredients in the vaccine acting as antigens. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steps is involved in the production of recombinant vaccines?

Introducing plasmids into other living organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the coli bacterial strain mentioned?

To produce vitamin B12 without hazardous waste Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the Reichstein–Grüssner process for vitamin C production?

Hydrogenation of glucose to D-sorbitol Signup and view all the answers

How is vitamin D primarily synthesized in the human body?

Through synthesis in the skin via UV light Signup and view all the answers

What conversion occurs in the liver during vitamin D metabolism?

Hydroxylation of vitamin D to 25-hydroxyvitamin D Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Actinomyces hyovaginalis bacterium play in vitamin D metabolism?

It transforms vitamin D3 into calcitriol Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes gene therapy?

Inserting genetic material to treat or cure disease Signup and view all the answers

What is produced at the final step of the Reichstein–Grüssner process?

L-ascorbic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the second hydroxylation of vitamin D primarily responsible for?

Creating the active form, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biotechnological Production of Herbal Drugs [PPC505]

Syllabus covers advising, registration, biotechnology, plant tissue culture, plant genetic manipulation, pharmaceutical applications, student presentations and exams.
Weeks 1-15 are outlined, detailing specific topics and dates for lectures, midterm exams, and final exams.
Learning outcomes include describing biotechnology types and importance, recognizing plant tissue culture principles, illustrating production concepts for pharmaceuticals, demonstrating the relationship between growth media and yield, describing genetically modified crops, and explaining different analytical methods for bioactive metabolites.
Further learning outcomes include assessment of experimental schemes, analysis of methods and elicitation protocols for natural product production, interpretation of transgenic plant protocols, development of team-working and presentation skills, and computer technology use.
The agenda focuses on plant biotechnology and pharmaceutical applications of biotechnology.
General applications of modern biotechnology in the pharmaceutical field, encompassing creation of new pharmaceuticals, safer versions of existing pharmaceuticals, and cost-effective production of similar substances.
Recombinant human insulin is highlighted as a prime example, contrasting it with animal insulin's differences .
Modern biotechnology involves hormone, gene, antibiotic, vaccine, interferon, vitamin production, as well as antenatal diagnosis for preventing genetic diseases.
Specific applications include pharmaceutical biotechnology and hormone production, enzyme production, vaccine production, vitamin production, and gene therapy.
Human recombinant insulin is the first human hormone produced through recombinant DNA technology, involving gene insertion into plasmids and transferring them into bacteria (E. coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
Insulin lispro is a genetically modified human insulin with peptide structure modifications affecting its action.
Erythropoietin (EPO) regulates red blood cell production and is used for anemia treatment.
Human growth hormone (hGH) is vital for growth, and recombinant hGH has replaced the use of cadaver-derived hormone.
Amylase has various industrial and digestive applications, involving recombinant DNA technology.
Thrombolytic enzyme (Alteplase) dissolves blood clots in the circulatory system.
Vaccination is an effective disease control tool mimicking natural specific defense mechanism for pathogen resistance.
Vaccines use killed microorganisms, non-virulent microorganisms, and microbial components.
Recombinant vaccines are produced by inserting the gene into suitable carriers and expressing/purifying the material.
Hepatitis B is a significant global health concern
Genetically engineered potatoes for cholera vaccine production (TOMAVAC) illustrate edible vaccines like a tomato based edible vaccine for Covid-19.
Vitamins are essential micronutrients for metabolism in living organisms, synthesized naturally and can also be produced through biotechnology.
Vitamin production through chemical synthesis has environmental concerns whereas microbial methods are safer and more sustainable.
Vitamins B12 and C are produced via fermentation from microorganisms like Pseudomonas denitrificans, Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Acetobacter suboxydans/Gluconobacter oxydans respectively, requiring various purifying steps.
Vitamin D is synthesized in skin using UV light or ingested from dietary sources.
Gene therapy involves inserting genetic material into cells for disease prevention, control, or cure; two main methods exist: in vivo and ex vivo.
Multidrug resistance (MDR) gene therapy for cancer and anti-angiogenesis gene therapy to decrease tumor angiogenesis are highlighted.
Future lectures will include student presentations about plant biotechnology.

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Description

Test your knowledge on gene therapy techniques and vaccine development, including topics such as hepatitis B vaccines and anti-angiogenesis strategies in cancer treatment. This quiz delves into the scientific principles behind various medical therapies and biotechnology innovations. Explore the advances in genetic engineering and their implications for health.