Gene Therapy and Vaccines Quiz

<p>Inserting viral DNA into yeast cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can elicit an immune response when ingested (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By reducing blood vessel formation at the tumor site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To restore and increase blood vessel formation in compromised tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It expresses the RBD subunit of the S1 protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In vivo therapy administers genes directly into the body, while ex vivo therapy modifies cells in a lab (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plants and microorganisms synthesize them (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are introduced as treatments beyond their nutritional roles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It induces the formation of new blood vessels to improve oxygen delivery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High production cost (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for the mass production of identical plant specimens. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential environmental effects and biodiversity loss. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It influences the yield of phytochemicals produced. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To analyze methods and elicitation protocols. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analytical methods specific to in vitro cultures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of team-working ability through group projects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specific growth media composition and environmental conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By facilitating access to relevant information and research. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can cause fewer immune responses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultivation of crops for food production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recombinant DNA technology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recombinant human insulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By creating safer and more effective versions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They serve as a gene carrier for hormone production. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing insulin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traditional antibiotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It converts plasminogen to the proteolytic enzyme plasmin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Live pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recombinant vaccines do not carry the risk of infectious contaminants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identification and insertion of the target gene into a plasmid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It binds to fibrin with a greater affinity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonvirulent microorganisms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active ingredients in the vaccine acting as antigens. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introducing plasmids into other living organisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce vitamin B12 without hazardous waste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogenation of glucose to D-sorbitol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through synthesis in the skin via UV light (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydroxylation of vitamin D to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It transforms vitamin D3 into calcitriol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inserting genetic material to treat or cure disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>L-ascorbic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creating the active form, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plant tissue culture is a technique that involves growing plant cells, tissues, or organs in a controlled environment outside of their natural habitat.

Plant tissue culture can be used to produce large numbers of identical plants, which is useful for propagating rare or endangered species.

Plant tissue culture can be used to produce disease-free plants, which is important for agriculture and horticulture.

Biotechnology can be used to develop new pharmaceuticals by using plant cells to produce valuable compounds.

Genetically modified (GM) crops are plants that have been genetically altered to improve their characteristics, such as yield, pest resistance, or nutrient content.

The use of genetically modified (GM) crops has the potential to improve food security and reduce reliance on pesticides.

Concerns about the potential environmental and health risks associated with genetically modified (GM) crops are being debated.

Quantitative analysis of bioactive metabolites involves using techniques like chromatography and spectroscopy to measure the amounts of active compounds in plants.

Branch of medicine using cells or cell materials to create pharmaceutical and diagnostic products for treatment or disease prevention.

Production of new drugs, safer or more effective versions of existing drugs, or cost-effective alternatives to existing drugs using biotechnology

Using bacteria (like E. coli) to create human insulin, replacing animal-derived insulin.

Biotechnology application that involves the production of hormones, genes, antibiotics, vaccines, interferons, vitamins, and immunological proteins. It can also be used for antenatal diagnosis.

An example of a hormone produced by recombinant DNA technology, where the human insulin gene is inserted into bacteria, leading to bacteria producing human insulin.

Production of enzymes using biotechnology. These enzymes can be used in various applications.

Production of vaccines using biotechnological techniques. This aims to prevent or treat diseases.

Production of vitamins using biotechnology. These vitamins are essential for health.

The process of using genetic engineering to modify organisms, often bacteria, to produce large amounts of specific proteins of interest, such as enzymes or antibodies.

A type of enzyme that breaks down starch into simpler sugars, used in various industries like food and brewing.

An enzyme that dissolves blood clots, often used to treat heart attacks, strokes, and pulmonary emboli.

The process of inducing immunity against a specific disease by introducing a weakened or inactive form of the pathogen or its components.

A type of vaccine produced using genetic engineering techniques, where the antigen (the part of the pathogen that triggers an immune response) is produced in a different organism, like bacteria or yeast.

A substance that stimulates the immune system to produce specific antibodies.

Proteins produced by the immune system in response to antigens.

A method of producing vaccines using yeast cells that have been genetically modified to express a specific viral antigen. This approach offers advantages like consistency of antigen production and reduced risks associated with traditional methods involving human blood products.

A type of vaccine that is delivered orally through food, potentially eliminating the need for injections, improving accessibility, and reducing costs.

In this approach, the genetic material of a potato plant is modified to produce an antigen, allowing the potato to act as a carrier of the vaccine.

This technique involves modifying tomato plants to express the RBD subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, making the tomatoes a source of vaccine when eaten.

This approach utilizes a virus's spike protein to attach to a host cell, triggering an immune response to combat the virus.

Essential micronutrients, required by living organisms in small amounts, that play critical roles in metabolism. They are synthesized by microorganisms or plants, not by animals.

Increasingly, vitamins are being used not only as supplements to support nutrition but also as therapeutic agents for specific medical conditions.

Biotechnology, specifically genetic engineering, is used in the production of vitamins, leveraging the ability of microorganisms or plant cells to synthesize these essential compounds.

A type of gene therapy where the therapeutic gene is directly delivered into the patient's body, often using a vector like a virus.

A type of gene therapy where cells are removed from the patient, modified with the therapeutic gene in a lab, and then returned to the patient.

A gene therapy strategy that aims to prevent or treat cancer by stopping the growth of blood vessels that supply tumors with nutrients.

A gene therapy strategy that aims to stimulate the growth of blood vessels to treat conditions like sensory neuropathy or critical limb ischemia.

A gene therapy approach that introduces the MDR gene into bone marrow cells to protect them from the toxic effects of chemotherapy drugs, making high-dose chemotherapy safer and improving recovery.

A bacterial strain that produces high levels of vitamin B12 while reducing harmful waste and making the manufacturing process more cost-effective and eco-friendly. This strain offers a reliable alternative for commercial partners when vitamin B12 costs become excessive.

Reichstein-Grüssner process is the industrial production of vitamin C, starting with glucose. This involves hydrogenation to D-sorbitol, oxidation to L-sorbose using Acetobacter suboxydans or Gluconobacter oxydans, and finally chemical conversion to L-ascorbic acid.

Vitamin D is produced in the skin by UV light exposure or through dietary intake. Skin's 7-dehydrocholesterol reacts with UVB radiation to form previtamin D3. In the liver, vitamin D is converted to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (calcidiol). Finally, in the kidney, the active form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) is produced.

Actinomyces hyovaginalis is a bacterium capable of converting vitamin D3 into calcitriol. This process offers a potential solution for producing active vitamin D3 for individuals with impaired kidney function, who struggle to produce it naturally.

Gene therapy involves delivering genetic material into cells to treat or prevent diseases. This can involve repairing defective genes or making tumors more vulnerable to other therapies. The delivery can be achieved through different methods.

Gene therapy can be delivered into cells in two main ways.