Gene Mutation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a point mutation?

  • A change in the sequence of mRNA molecules
  • A change in the sequence of amino acids
  • A change in the sequence of tRNA molecules
  • A substitution of one base by another in DNA (correct)

    • What is a transition mutation?

  • A change of a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine or purine with another purine (correct)
  • A change in the sequence of amino acids
  • A change from a pyrimidine to a purine base
  • A change from a purine to a pyrimidine base

    • What is the effect of a silent mutation?

  • A premature stop codon is introduced
  • A change in the amino acid sequence
  • The genetic code is altered
  • No detectable change in the amino acid sequence (correct)

    • What is an example of a hemoglobin abnormality?

    <p>Hb Bristol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a missense mutation?

    <p>A change in the amino acid sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of genetic disorder caused by a point mutation?

    <p>Sickle cell anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of deleting 3 nucleotides or multiples of 3 from the coding region?

    <p>A protein with a missed amino acid or acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of deleting one or two nucleotides within the termination sequence?

    <p>Reading through a termination signal until another nonsense codon is reached</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an insertion of nucleotides?

    <p>The same effects as deletions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the CFTR protein?

    <p>Helping to maintain the balance of salt and water within a cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of Cystic Fibrosis?

    <p>Deletion of 3 nucleotides from the CFTR gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the delta F508 mutation on the CFTR protein?

    <p>It causes the protein to fold abnormally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying genetic basis of sickle cell anemia?

    <p>Inheritance of two mutant genes that code for synthesis of the β globin chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the point mutation in the β-globin chain in sickle cell anemia?

    <p>Replacement of glutamate with valine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the polymerization of deoxyhemoglobin S inside the RBC?

    <p>Formation of insoluble fibrous polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition characterized by lifelong episodes of pain, chronic hemolytic anemia, and increased susceptibility to infections?

    <p>Sickle cell anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mutation is the result of deletion or insertion of nucleotides in DNA?

    <p>Frameshift mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a deletion of a single nucleotide in the coding strand of a gene?

    <p>Garbled translation of the mRNA distal to the site of deletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

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