Gene Expression Process Quiz

Transcription = Process of transcribing genetic information from DNA to RNA Translation = Process of producing proteins using the RNA transcript Antisense strand = Template strand for RNA polymerase during transcription Sense strand = Strand of DNA that is not transcribed during transcription

Guanine-Cytosine (G-C) = Nucleotide base pairing during RNA transcription Adenine-Uracil (A-U) = Nucleotide base pairing in RNA instead of A-T in DNA Thymine-Adenine (T-A) = Base pairing in DNA instead of A-U in RNA Cytosine-Guanine (C-G) = Complementary base pairing with Guanine in DNA

RNA polymerase = Enzyme responsible for transcribing DNA to RNA Promoter region = Specific area on DNA where RNA polymerase attaches Transcription factors = Enzymes that unwind DNA for RNA polymerase to transcribe Terminator sequence = Sequence on DNA where transcription ends

<p>Volume control = Regulates the amount of proteins made during gene expression On/off switch = Controls when proteins are made by turning gene expression on or off Messenger RNA (mRNA) = RNA polymer that carries the genetic information for protein synthesis DNA template = Serves as a guide for RNA polymerase during transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA transcription = Conversion of genetic information from DNA to RNA by RNA polymerase Protein synthesis = Production of proteins using mRNA as a template DNA unwinding = Process facilitated by transcription factors to allow transcription to occur Base pairing = Specific nucleotide interactions during RNA and DNA transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA = Composed of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine (A, G, C, T) RNA = Contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil (A, G, C, U) mRNA = Single-stranded RNA polymer that carries genetic information for protein synthesis tRNA = Transfer RNA that carries amino acids to ribosomes during translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA polymerase II = Genes that code for proteins RNA polymerase I = Genes coding for ribosomal RNAs RNA polymerase III = Genes that code for transfer RNAs RNA polymerase IV = Genes coding for tRNAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomes = Translate mRNA into protein Transfer RNA = Carry amino acids to the ribosome Peptidyl-transferase = Form peptide bonds between amino acids Exons = Code for amino acids in the protein product</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small subunit (40s) = Binds at 5’ cap of mRNA with methionyl-tRNA Large subunit (60s) = Binds for elongation during translation P site = Holds the peptide chain during translation A site = Accepts the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA during translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>N-terminus = Exposed amino group C-terminus = Exposed carboxyl group Introns = Portions of gene that do not code for amino acids Exons = Portions of gene that code for amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stop codon in A site = Release polypeptide into cytoplasm Stop codon in P site = Hydrolyze peptide and tRNA in P site Stop codon in E site = Signal the end of translation process Start codon in P site = Initiate translation by recognizing methionine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Post-translational modification = Converts polypeptide into fully active protein Splicing of introns = Removes non-coding regions from mRNA before translation Translocation along mRNA molecule = Moves ribosome to next codon during translation Formation of peptide bond = Links amino acids together during translation</p> Signup and view all the answers