DNA to Protein

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of RNA polymerase in prokaryotes?

Splices pre-mRNA

Processes and modifies pre-mRNA

Synthesizes RNA according to a DNA template (correct)

Translates mRNA into proteins

What is the function of ribosomes in eukaryotes?

Splices pre-mRNA

Translates mRNA into proteins (correct)

Synthesizes RNA according to a DNA template

Processes and modifies pre-mRNA

What is the process that converts DNA language to RNA language in prokaryotes?

Translation

Splicing

Modification

Transcription (correct)

What happens to pre-mRNA in eukaryotes before it becomes mRNA?

It is processed, spliced, and modified Signup and view all the answers

In which organisms does DNA transcription occur in the nucleus?

Eukaryotes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RNA polymerase in eukaryotes?

Synthesizes RNA according to a DNA template Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transcription factors?

Regulate transcription by binding to promoters of genes Signup and view all the answers

How many genes for transcription factors are estimated to be in the human genome?

1600 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of promoters in gene transcription?

Regulate the activity of RNA polymerase Signup and view all the answers

Which portion of a gene is the promoter?

Non-transcribed portion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of transcription factors in relation to promoters?

Bind to specific regions of the promoter and regulate transcription Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated total number of genes in the human genome?

21000 Signup and view all the answers

How do transcription factors affect gene transcription?

They may promote or inhibit transcription Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes promoters from untranslated regions in a gene?

Promoters have a transcription regulatory function Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme assembles pre-mRNA according to DNA instructions?

RNA polymerase Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of transcription that carries amino acids to the ribosome?

tRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic code based on?

Triplet code Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tRNA?

Carries amino acids to the ribosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Build proteins using mRNA instructions Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of ATP and GTP in protein synthesis?

Used for tRNA aminoacylation, ribosome function, and transcription Signup and view all the answers

What are transcription factors and how do they regulate gene transcription?

Transcription factors are proteins that bind to promoters of genes and regulate the activity of RNA polymerase. They may promote or inhibit gene transcription by affecting the binding of RNA polymerase. Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of genes for transcription factors in the human genome?

The human genome is estimated to contain approximately 1600 genes for transcription factors out of approximately 21,000 genes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of promoters in gene transcription?

Promoters are non-transcribed portions of genes with a regulatory function. They regulate gene transcription by RNA polymerase and are affected by the binding of transcription factors. Signup and view all the answers

How do transcription factors affect gene transcription?

Transcription factors, which are proteins, bind to specific regions of the promoter and may either promote or inhibit gene transcription by RNA polymerase. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes promoters from untranslated regions in a gene?

Promoters have a transcription regulatory function and are affected by the binding of transcription factors, while untranslated regions do not have a direct role in regulating gene transcription. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

DNA to Protein: Key Processes and Concepts

Proteins are the product of transcription and translation, composed of 20 amino acids.
DNA encodes information for protein synthesis, organized as genome, chromosomes, genes, codons, and nucleotides.
Genes are DNA sequences that specify the primary structure of proteins or polypeptides.
The genetic code is a triplet code, where three nucleotides form a codon that specifies an amino acid.
RNA polymerase assembles pre-mRNA according to DNA instructions, using RNA nucleotides in the nucleoplasm.
Pre-mRNA is complementary to DNA, but with U replacing T, and undergoes processing steps including intron removal and addition of a 5’ cap and Poly A tail.
RNA types produced in the nucleus via RNA polymerase activity include pre-mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA.
Ribosomes, assembled in the nucleolus, use mRNA instructions to build proteins, with ribosomal subunits leaving the nucleus separately.
tRNA, a product of transcription, carries amino acids to the ribosome and has an anti-codon complementary to mRNA codons.
Cellular energy costs of protein synthesis are significant, with ATP and GTP used for tRNA aminoacylation, ribosome function, and transcription.
Gene expression involves the formation of gene products, such as polypeptides/proteins and various types of RNA, and is tightly regulated.
Transcriptional regulation plays a crucial role in controlling gene expression patterns in different tissues.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the key processes and concepts involved in the conversion of DNA to protein with this quiz. Explore topics such as transcription, translation, genetic code, RNA processing, ribosome function, and regulation of gene expression.