Gene Expression and Transcription Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of RNA is an integral component of the ribosome?

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA)
  • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) (correct)
  • Transfer RNA (tRNA)
  • Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

    • Which process refers to RNA synthesis using DNA as a template?

  • Translation
  • Transcription (correct)
  • Replication
  • Translocation

    • In which type of cells is there spatial separation of transcription and translation?

  • Eukaryotic cells (correct)
  • Bacterial cells
  • Animal cells
  • Prokaryotic cells

    • What molecules serve as intermediaries, bringing amino acids to the ribosome?

    <p>Transfer RNA (tRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cells can translation of mRNA begin before its transcription is completed?

    <p>Bacterial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of RNA is translated into protein?

    <p>Messenger RNA (mRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the synthesis of protein using the information in the RNA called?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which RNA molecule is an integral component of the ribosome?

    <p>Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells do not have spatial separation of transcription and translation?

    <p>Bacterial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome?

    <p>Transfer RNA (tRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of cells can translation of mRNA begin before its transcription is completed?

    <p>Bacterial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the synthesis of protein using the information in the RNA?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing reverse transcription?

    <p>Reverse transcriptase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of viruses carry out reverse transcription?

    <p>Retroviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of reverse transcriptase in retrotransposon movement?

    <p>Transcribes the retrotransposon DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Alu sequences in the human genome?

    <p>They have increased their copy number using reverse transposase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many possible combinations of nucleotide triplets are there in the genetic code?

    <p>64</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for mutations caused by inserting or deleting a nucleotide?

    <p>Frameshift mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for the genetic code to be degenerate?

    <p>Each triplet codes for multiple amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>It carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many of the 64 possible codons in mRNA specify a specific amino acid?

    <p>61</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the codon AUG in mRNA?

    <p>It initiates the start of protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for mutations caused by a shift in the reading frame?

    <p>Frameshift mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between mRNA synthesis and DNA replication?

    <p>In mRNA synthesis, only one DNA strand is copied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does transcription refer to?

    <p>RNA synthesis using DNA as a template</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules?

    <p>Bringing amino acids to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of cells can translation of mRNA begin before its transcription is completed?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

    <p>Being an integral component of the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between mRNA synthesis and DNA replication?

    <p>The template used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for mutations caused by a shift in the reading frame?

    <p>Frameshift mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for mutations caused by inserting or deleting a nucleotide?

    <p>Frameshift mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of reverse transcriptase in retrotransposon movement?

    <p>Catalyzing the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Alu sequences in the human genome?

    <p>Serving as retrotransposons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the synthesis of protein using the information in the RNA called?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for mutations caused by a single nucleotide substitution?

    <p>Point mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for the genetic code to be degenerate?

    <p>Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing reverse transcription?

    <p>Reverse transcriptase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of reverse transcriptase in retrotransposon movement?

    <p>It catalyzes the synthesis of a DNA copy from retrotransposon RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Alu sequences in the human genome?

    <p>They have increased their copy number using reverse transposase from elsewhere in the genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for mutations caused by inserting or deleting a nucleotide?

    <p>Frameshift mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of viruses carry out reverse transcription?

    <p>Retroviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the DNA base sequence and the linear order of amino acids in the protein products based on?

    <p>The genetic code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells do not have spatial separation of transcription and translation?

    <p>Prokaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the codon AUG in mRNA?

    <p>It plays a role as a start codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for mutations caused by a shift in the reading frame?

    <p>Frameshift mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic code based on?

    <p>A triplet code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome?

    <p>Transfer RNA (tRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>It carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

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