Gene Expression and Transcription Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of RNA is an integral component of the ribosome?

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA)
  • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) (correct)
  • Transfer RNA (tRNA)
  • Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Which process refers to RNA synthesis using DNA as a template?

  • Translation
  • Transcription (correct)
  • Replication
  • Translocation

In which type of cells is there spatial separation of transcription and translation?

  • Eukaryotic cells (correct)
  • Bacterial cells
  • Animal cells
  • Prokaryotic cells

What molecules serve as intermediaries, bringing amino acids to the ribosome?

<p>Transfer RNA (tRNA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which cells can translation of mRNA begin before its transcription is completed?

<p>Bacterial cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA is translated into protein?

<p>Messenger RNA (mRNA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the synthesis of protein using the information in the RNA called?

<p>Translation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which RNA molecule is an integral component of the ribosome?

<p>Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells do not have spatial separation of transcription and translation?

<p>Bacterial cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome?

<p>Transfer RNA (tRNA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of cells can translation of mRNA begin before its transcription is completed?

<p>Bacterial cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the synthesis of protein using the information in the RNA?

<p>Translation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing reverse transcription?

<p>Reverse transcriptase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of viruses carry out reverse transcription?

<p>Retroviruses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of reverse transcriptase in retrotransposon movement?

<p>Transcribes the retrotransposon DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Alu sequences in the human genome?

<p>They have increased their copy number using reverse transposase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many possible combinations of nucleotide triplets are there in the genetic code?

<p>64 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for mutations caused by inserting or deleting a nucleotide?

<p>Frameshift mutations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for the genetic code to be degenerate?

<p>Each triplet codes for multiple amino acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

<p>It carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many of the 64 possible codons in mRNA specify a specific amino acid?

<p>61 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the codon AUG in mRNA?

<p>It initiates the start of protein synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for mutations caused by a shift in the reading frame?

<p>Frameshift mutations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between mRNA synthesis and DNA replication?

<p>In mRNA synthesis, only one DNA strand is copied (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does transcription refer to?

<p>RNA synthesis using DNA as a template (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules?

<p>Bringing amino acids to the ribosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of cells can translation of mRNA begin before its transcription is completed?

<p>Bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

<p>Being an integral component of the ribosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between mRNA synthesis and DNA replication?

<p>The template used (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for mutations caused by a shift in the reading frame?

<p>Frameshift mutations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for mutations caused by inserting or deleting a nucleotide?

<p>Frameshift mutations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of reverse transcriptase in retrotransposon movement?

<p>Catalyzing the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Alu sequences in the human genome?

<p>Serving as retrotransposons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the synthesis of protein using the information in the RNA called?

<p>Translation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for mutations caused by a single nucleotide substitution?

<p>Point mutations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for the genetic code to be degenerate?

<p>Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing reverse transcription?

<p>Reverse transcriptase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of reverse transcriptase in retrotransposon movement?

<p>It catalyzes the synthesis of a DNA copy from retrotransposon RNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Alu sequences in the human genome?

<p>They have increased their copy number using reverse transposase from elsewhere in the genome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for mutations caused by inserting or deleting a nucleotide?

<p>Frameshift mutations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of viruses carry out reverse transcription?

<p>Retroviruses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the DNA base sequence and the linear order of amino acids in the protein products based on?

<p>The genetic code (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells do not have spatial separation of transcription and translation?

<p>Prokaryotic cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the codon AUG in mRNA?

<p>It plays a role as a start codon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for mutations caused by a shift in the reading frame?

<p>Frameshift mutations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic code based on?

<p>A triplet code (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome?

<p>Transfer RNA (tRNA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

<p>It carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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