30 Questions
During transcription, in which direction does RNA polymerase read the template?
3' to 5'
What is the main function of the TATA box in transcription initiation?
Directing transcription factors to the promoter region
What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription elongation?
Adds RNA nucleotides in a 5’ to 3’ direction
Which step in transcription involves binding of transcription factors and RNA polymerase to a promoter?
Transcription Initiation
What is the significance of ribonucleotides (ATP, GTP, CTP, UTP) during transcription?
Are incorporated into the growing RNA strand
Which enzyme catalyzes the process of DNA-dependent RNA synthesis?
RNA Polymerase
Which enzymes unwinds the parental double helix during DNA replication?
Helicase
Which enzyme adds short primer to the template strand in DNA replication?
Primase
Where does DNA replication start at specialized sites?
Origins of replication
What is the function of binding proteins during DNA replication?
Stabilize separate strands
What occurs at replication forks during DNA synthesis?
Nucleotide binding
In which phase of DNA replication does Helicase unwind the double helix?
Initiation
What is the process of copying DNA information into RNA called?
Transcription
In RNA synthesis, what base replaces Thymine (T) in the DNA sequence?
Uracil (U)
Which molecules are taken out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm after transcription?
RNA
What are the factors that form an apparatus binding DNA at specific sequences during transcription called?
Transcription factors
Which strand of DNA is the sequence used to determine what amino acids are produced through mRNA?
Sense Strand
What is the term for the process that follows transcription in gene expression?
Translation
What is the direction of synthesis for the leading strand during DNA replication?
5' to 3'
Why is an RNA primer required in DNA replication?
To allow DNA polymerase to add bases
What is the function of DNA ligase during DNA replication?
To seal the sugar-phosphate backbone
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA strands during replication?
Helicase
What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
Adds DNA nucleotides to the RNA primer
In which direction does continuous strand synthesis occur during DNA replication?
5' to 3'
What is the main function of introns in the pre-mRNA molecule?
To be removed before translation
Why does a codon need to consist of more than one mRNA base?
To increase the number of possible amino acids encoded
What will happen if a DNA sequence is read in an overlapping manner?
It will decrease the number of amino acids specified
What is the function of the 'stop codon' UGA in translation?
Indicate the end of translation
Why does the genetic code need controls like 'start codon' AUG?
To regulate gene expression
Which term refers to the parts of mRNA that remain after introns are removed?
Exons
Learn about gene expression, the process of copying DNA information into RNA to produce proteins. Understand the steps involved in gene expression such as transcription and translation.
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