Gene Expression and Transcription Process
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Questions and Answers

During transcription, in which direction does RNA polymerase read the template?

  • 3' to 5' (correct)
  • In a random direction
  • 5' to 3'
  • From the middle outwards

    • What is the main function of the TATA box in transcription initiation?

  • Initiating DNA replication
  • Catalyzing RNA synthesis
  • Preventing RNA polymerase binding
  • Directing transcription factors to the promoter region (correct)

    • What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription elongation?

  • Adds RNA nucleotides in a 5’ to 3’ direction (correct)
  • Unwinds the DNA double helix
  • Binds to the TATA box
  • Signals the start of the gene

    • Which step in transcription involves binding of transcription factors and RNA polymerase to a promoter?

    <p>Transcription Initiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of ribonucleotides (ATP, GTP, CTP, UTP) during transcription?

    <p>Are incorporated into the growing RNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the process of DNA-dependent RNA synthesis?

    <p>RNA Polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzymes unwinds the parental double helix during DNA replication?

    <p>Helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme adds short primer to the template strand in DNA replication?

    <p>Primase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does DNA replication start at specialized sites?

    <p>Origins of replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of binding proteins during DNA replication?

    <p>Stabilize separate strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at replication forks during DNA synthesis?

    <p>Nucleotide binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of DNA replication does Helicase unwind the double helix?

    <p>Initiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of copying DNA information into RNA called?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In RNA synthesis, what base replaces Thymine (T) in the DNA sequence?

    <p>Uracil (U)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules are taken out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm after transcription?

    <p>RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the factors that form an apparatus binding DNA at specific sequences during transcription called?

    <p>Transcription factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strand of DNA is the sequence used to determine what amino acids are produced through mRNA?

    <p>Sense Strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process that follows transcription in gene expression?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of synthesis for the leading strand during DNA replication?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is an RNA primer required in DNA replication?

    <p>To allow DNA polymerase to add bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA ligase during DNA replication?

    <p>To seal the sugar-phosphate backbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA strands during replication?

    <p>Helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

    <p>Adds DNA nucleotides to the RNA primer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction does continuous strand synthesis occur during DNA replication?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of introns in the pre-mRNA molecule?

    <p>To be removed before translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does a codon need to consist of more than one mRNA base?

    <p>To increase the number of possible amino acids encoded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will happen if a DNA sequence is read in an overlapping manner?

    <p>It will decrease the number of amino acids specified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the 'stop codon' UGA in translation?

    <p>Indicate the end of translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the genetic code need controls like 'start codon' AUG?

    <p>To regulate gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the parts of mRNA that remain after introns are removed?

    <p>Exons</p> Signup and view all the answers

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