24 Questions
What is the role of DNA in gene expression?
Serves as the molecule of heredity passing on genes for making RNA and proteins
Where does transcription take place?
In the nucleus
Which base is present in DNA but not in RNA?
Thymine
What is the function of ribosomes in translation?
Linking amino acids together with peptide bonds to form proteins
Which process involves aligning transfer RNA carrying specific amino acids based on codons?
Translation
What are the components of a nucleotide?
Sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
Transcription takes place in the cytoplasm.
False
RNA is single-stranded and contains thymine as one of its bases.
False
DNA serves as the molecule of heredity by passing on genes for making proteins.
True
Ribosomes function as a ribozyme to form proteins through dehydration synthesis.
False
Translation occurs in the nucleus on ribosomes.
False
Amaylase is an example of a protein that undergoes processing and secretion for specific functions.
True
Cells in the body make proteins through gene expression, involving ______ and translation processes.
transcription
DNA is a double-stranded helical molecule with adenine, guanine, cytosine, and ______ bases, while RNA is single-stranded with uracil instead of thymine.
thymine
Transcription starts in the nucleus, where RNA polymerase uses DNA to create messenger RNA (mRNA) by linking nucleotides based on complementary ______ pairing.
base
Translation takes place in the cytoplasm on ribosomes, where mRNA is decoded to build proteins by aligning transfer RNA carrying specific amino acids based on ______.
codons
The ribosome functions as a ______, linking amino acids together with peptide bonds to form proteins like amylase.
ribozyme
DNA serves as the molecule of heredity passing on genes for making RNA and ______ in the body.
proteins
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:
Transcription = Process that occurs in the nucleus and involves creating mRNA from DNA Translation = Process that occurs in the cytoplasm on ribosomes and involves building proteins from mRNA Ribosome = Organelle that functions as a ribozyme, linking amino acids together to form proteins DNA = Double-stranded helical molecule containing adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine bases
Match the following components of nucleic acids with their structures:
Nucleotide = Contains a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base DNA = Double-stranded helical molecule with adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine bases RNA = Single-stranded molecule with uracil instead of thymine Messenger RNA (mRNA) = Created during transcription in the nucleus by RNA polymerase using DNA
Match the following processes with their respective locations:
Transcription = Starts in the nucleus where RNA polymerase uses DNA to create mRNA Translation = Occurs in the cytoplasm on ribosomes where mRNA is decoded to build proteins Gene Expression = Involves transcription and translation processes in cells Protein Synthesis = Involves aligning tRNA carrying amino acids based on codons
Match the following molecular bases with their correct nucleic acids:
Adenine = Present in DNA and RNA as one of the bases Guanine = Found in both DNA and RNA nucleotides Cytosine = Common base in DNA nucleotides Uracil = Base present in RNA instead of thymine
Match the following functions with their corresponding molecules:
DNA = Serves as the molecule of heredity passing on genes for making RNA and proteins Ribosome = Functions as a ribozyme to link amino acids together forming proteins like amylase RNA Polymerase = Enzyme used during transcription to create mRNA from DNA Amylase = Protein that is processed and secreted for specific functions like digesting starch
Match the following terms with their correct roles in gene expression:
Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA) = Play a crucial role by passing on genetic information for protein synthesis Ribosome (Ribozyme) = Functions to link amino acids together with peptide bonds during translation Transfer RNA (tRNA) = Carries specific amino acids based on codons during protein synthesis Messenger RNA (mRNA) = Created during transcription and decoded to build proteins during translation
Study Notes
- Cells in the body make proteins through gene expression, involving transcription and translation processes.
- Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA play a crucial role in this process, with nucleotides containing a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
- DNA is a double-stranded helical molecule with adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine bases, while RNA is single-stranded with uracil instead of thymine.
- DNA serves as the molecule of heredity passing on genes for making RNA and proteins in the body.
- Transcription starts in the nucleus, where RNA polymerase uses DNA to create messenger RNA (mRNA) by linking nucleotides based on complementary base pairing.
- Translation takes place in the cytoplasm on ribosomes, where mRNA is decoded to build proteins by aligning transfer RNA carrying specific amino acids based on codons.
- The ribosome functions as a ribozyme, linking amino acids together with peptide bonds to form proteins like amylase, which are then processed and secreted for specific functions like digesting starch.
Test your knowledge on gene expression and protein synthesis processes involving transcription, translation, DNA, RNA, and the role of nucleic acids in protein production.
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