20 Questions
What is the focus of epigenetics?
Mechanisms leading to changes in gene expression that can be passed from cell to cell
What is the result of DNA methylation of CpG dinucleotides during cell differentiation and development?
Gene repression
What is the primary location of histone modifications?
N-terminal tails of histones
What is a characteristic of epigenetic changes?
Can be passed from cell to cell
What is a common observation in cancer cells regarding DNA methylation?
Hypomethylation of large genomic segments and hypermethylation at CpG islands
What is the proposed mechanism by which certain epigenetic modifications influence gene expression?
By affecting chromatin compaction, accessibility, and signaling of protein complexes
What percentage of autosomal genes are affected by allelic imbalance?
5% to 20%
What is a potential mechanism underlying allelic imbalance?
Changes in transcription factor binding
What is the purpose of RNA sequencing of cell populations in the context of gene expression?
To quantify gene expression levels
What is the term for the phenomenon where one allele is preferentially expressed over the other?
Allelic imbalance
What is the primary function of the 7-methylguanosine cap added to the 5' end of mRNA?
Protection of mRNA from degradation
What is the result of alternative splicing?
Production of multiple mRNA isoforms from a single gene
What type of modification can affect mRNA structure, stability, and interactions with RNA-binding proteins?
Base Modifications
What is the purpose of polyadenylation?
Enhancing mRNA stability and facilitating mRNA export from the nucleus
What is the order of events in gene expression?
Transcription initiation, transcription elongation, post-transcriptional modifications
What is the primary outcome of the combinatorial nature of protein networks?
A greater diversity of possible cellular functions
What is the role of introns in gene expression?
They are initially transcribed into RNA but are not present in mature mRNA
What is a characteristic of gene families?
They have similar DNA sequences and encode polypeptides with closely related amino acid sequences and function
What is the sequence of information flow in the Central Dogma?
DNA RNA Protein
What is the role of exons in gene expression?
They ultimately determine the amino acid sequence of the protein
Understand the fundamentals of gene expression, including the processes that can lead to inherited disorders. Learn about epigenetics and epigenomics, and how changes in gene expression can occur without altering the DNA sequence.
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