Gender Roles and Psychoanalytical Theory

Gender roles contribute to societal stability; traditional roles (e.g., women as caregivers, men as providers) help society function.

Gender is seen as a form of oppression, with men having more power and women's access to resources limited. It links to Marxist ideas.

Gender is created and changed through interactions. Meaning is created through social interactions and our understanding of gender constantly evolves.

Education needs to address gender stereotypes and inequality, promoting fair teaching practices.

Gender expression that's not limited to traditional roles.

The importance of creating a fair and inclusive learning environment for all genders.

Both males and females in the Arapesh culture are described as gentle, responsive, and cooperative.

Both genders in the Mundugumor culture are described as violent and aggressive, seeking power and position.

In the Tchambuli culture, women are described as dominant, impersonal, and managerial, while men are emotionally dependent and less responsible.

Children develop awareness of their own gender around age three.

Children understand their gender remains consistent over time (e.g., boys become men).

Children understand that gender is consistent, regardless of appearance or activities.

Psychoanalytic theory's first stage, focusing on the time a child spends breastfeeding.

Psychoanalytic theory stage focused on toilet training (ages 18-36 months).

Psychoanalytic stage focusing on gender identity, the Oedipus/Electra Complexes, and desire

A boy's sexual attraction to his mother and fear of castration by his father, followed by identification with father to resolve conflict.

Girl's desire for a baby with father & identification with mother, developed in response to perceived differences.

Research investigating the extent to which gender differences are cultural or innate, challenging traditional societal norms.

A theory emphasizing that gender roles are learned through social interaction and cultural norms.

Improving educational systems to address discrimination by working with parents, schools, and communities.

Men are expected to be primarily functional, problem-solvers, and focused on external tasks.

Women are traditionally seen as homemakers and companions.

A sense of male importance is reinforced by societal structures.

Men are often taught to be independent, which can make relationships challenging.

Men are frequently encouraged to focus on external problems, neglecting the inner self.

Women's roles are evolving due to technology, activism, and women's rights movements.

Modern women can be both homemakers and part of the workforce.