Gender in Communications
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Questions and Answers

What is a stereotype primarily based on?

  • Personal experiences and observation
  • Detailed analysis of a diverse group
  • Exaggeration of a few characteristics (correct)
  • Comprehensive data collection

    • What significant issue has been found in the media workforce regarding women?

  • Women dominate all decision-making roles
  • Women are under-represented at senior levels (correct)
  • Women have equal pay as men
  • Women are over-represented in senior positions

    • What is one barrier to women's participation in the media workforce?

  • High education levels
  • Direct and indirect discrimination (correct)
  • Extensive travel commitments
  • Overwhelming support networks

    • How does stereotyping often affect society?

    <p>It can lead to prejudice and discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proportion of female directors working in the industry compared to those graduating from film schools?

    <p>Less than one-quarter are working</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of workplace structures affects women with childcare responsibilities?

    <p>Inflexible workplace structures prevail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has research from the European Institute for Gender Equality revealed?

    <p>Significant gender pay gap exists in media industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary characteristic defines a stereotype?

    <p>Generalization based on few experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of participants in television programs in Northern Europe are women?

    <p>32%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of programs are women most likely to be represented according to the analysis?

    <p>Family and social issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common portrayal stereotype of women in media is mentioned?

    <p>Sexualized and auxiliary roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated about older women in media representations?

    <p>They are often invisible or stereotyped.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Erving Goffman's analysis of gender advertisements, what aspect of popular culture is reflected?

    <p>Normative concepts of gender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three rules of the Bechdel Wallace Test?

    <p>At least 2 named women, who talk to each other about something other than a man.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stereotype is commonly used to depict women in advertising?

    <p>Young, sexy, skinny, and stupid versus old, frumpy, and fat but sensible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the time period analyzed by the Geena Davis Institute regarding gender bias in advertising?

    <p>2006 to 2016</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What requirement does the Vito Russo Test impose on an LGBTQ character in a film?

    <p>The character's absence must significantly impact the plot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the GMMP data from 2020, what percentage of persons seen or heard in news media are women?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP)?

    <p>Advocating for changes in the representation of women in news.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend has been observed regarding women's representation in decision-making roles in the media within the EU-28?

    <p>Women account for 32% of top-level positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the GMMP findings, what is projected concerning the gender equality gap in traditional news media?

    <p>It is expected to take at least 67 years to close.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of news subjects and sources are women according to the GMMP?

    <p>24%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significance does the removal of an LGBTQ character have in films according to the standards of representation discussed?

    <p>It must affect the film meaningfully.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As per the GMMP, what is one major indicator monitored regarding women's representation in the news media?

    <p>Gender bias and stereotypes in news stories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between sex and gender?

    <p>Sex refers to biologically assigned characteristics, while gender is a social construct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately represents 'gender roles'?

    <p>Socially constructed behaviors deemed appropriate for men and women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is gender inequality particularly significant in the business context?

    <p>Products and services are often designed without considering the needs of women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym LGBTIQ+ represent?

    <p>Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex, Queer (or Questioning), and others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do media representations affect perceptions of gender?

    <p>Media shapes knowledge and values regarding gender identities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'transgression' refer to in the context of gender roles?

    <p>Challenges to societal taboos concerning gender behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does gender play in identity construction?

    <p>Gender is essential for individual identity and varies widely across cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best reflects the concept of gender as it relates to communication?

    <p>Gender influences communication styles and perceptions in social contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gender in Communications

    • The presentation discusses gender within communications, including media, advertising, and news.
    • Sandy Calleja Portelli, the presenter, has experience in industry, education, research, and activism.
    • The presentation emphasizes the importance of understanding gender as a social construct, not just biological sex.

    Defining Gender and Sex

    • Sex refers to biological differences (internal/external sex organs, reproductive systems) that are consistent across time, place, and cultures.
    • Gender is a societal construct, encompassing characteristics deemed masculine or feminine, and how these characteristics are assigned to individuals based on their sex. Gender can change over time and space.
    • Gender roles are socially constructed behaviors, activities, and attributes considered appropriate for men and women in a particular society.
    • Gender transgression is a taboo, though some transgressions are more socially accepted than others.

    Sexual Orientation

    • Sexuality, or sexual orientation, describes individuals' physical and emotional attraction to people of the same or opposite sex. This is interpersonal in nature.
    • The term LGBTIQ+ is frequently used as shorthand for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer, or questioning, encompassing a diverse range of sexual and gender identities.
    • Gender is often confused with sex because people often justify gender roles based on the sex of a child/person.

    Gender in Media

    • Media plays a vital role in shaping social practices and influencing individual behavior.
    • Media images and messages shape our values and judgments of others and ourselves.
    • Gender is a significant aspect of identity construction and representation in media culture. This can include stereotyping and marginalization.

    Gender Inequality in Society

    • Products, pharmaceuticals, and services are often designed for the perceived "standard" (men), neglecting the needs of half the population.
    • Businesses with women in leadership tend to perform better.
    • Families led by women face greater risks of poverty.

    Stereotyping

    • Stereotyping involves creating simplified mental images based on faulty generalizations instead of factual information.
    • Stereotypes are shortcuts used to quickly describe complex phenomena through the exaggeration of a few traits.
    • Common stereotypes include depictions of women as bad drivers or men who are bad at cleaning.

    Gender Imbalance in Media

    • Gender bias is evident in media representation and workforce distribution.
    • Research indicates underrepresentation of women in senior and decision-making roles within media industries, including a gender pay gap. Studies suggest that while women represent almost half of directors in film schools, they make up less than a quarter of directors in the overall industry.
    • Media portrayals of women are often limited to stereotypical roles (e.g., home-focused, sexualized, auxiliary).
    • Women are often underrepresented in news programs, especially in roles dealing with crime, technology, science, and sports. In Europe, women comprise only 32% of TV program participants. They tend to be underrepresented in low status roles and are more likely to be under the age of 19 than over 50.

    Advertising

    • Advertising often objectifies women. Men are frequently used to speak for women, and women are often portrayed in stereotypical roles (e.g., young, skinny, and sexy versus old, frumpy, and fat but sensible), failing to capture the diversity of women's lives.

    Vito Russo Test

    • The film must have an identifiable lesbian, gay, bisexual, and/or transgender character.
    • The character's identity must not solely define them.
    • The character's role and impact on the plot should be significant.

    Media Representation of LGBTQ Populations

    • Data on representation of LGBTQ+ characters in films indicates a decrease from previous years.
    • Data show LGBTQ+ characters are underrepresented from years 2006-2016, in specific, a 27.3% decrease.

    Bechdel Wallace Test

    • The test evaluates the portrayal of women in media (a film must feature two named women who talk to each other about something besides a man).

    News Coverage

    • Most news coverage of politicians prioritizes personality traits (e.g., style, looks) over policy.
    • Women politicians are disproportionately scrutinized on family status.
    • Media representations tend to limit women to "soft" issues portfolios, while implicitly indicating that women aren't as capable of handling other types of issues.

    General Influence of Media on Voters

    • Media coverage can shape voters’ opinions and influence voting decisions, at times accentuating gender-based stereotypes.
    • Women politicians are sometimes portrayed on “soft” issues, creating a perception of unsuitability for more challenging roles.

    Portfolios Held by Women Ministers

    • Data illustrates that women hold diverse portfolios, including roles in various ministerial sectors.

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    Gender in Communication MCS1000 PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the complex relationship between gender and communication, focusing on media, advertising, and news representation. It highlights the distinction between biological sex and social constructs of gender, alongside the societal implications of gender roles and transgressions. Understand how gender shapes our interactions and perceptions in communication.

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