Communication Chapter 5: Gender and Language
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Questions and Answers

According to Tannen's Different Cultures Hypothesis, what is the primary difference in communication styles between men and women?

  • Men prioritize expressing opinions and establishing dominance, while women focus on building relationships and understanding. (correct)
  • Women are more direct and assertive in their communication, while men are more indirect and sensitive.
  • There are minimal differences in communication styles between men and women; these perceived differences often arise from cultural expectations.
  • Men are better at decoding nonverbal cues, while women are more proficient in verbal communication.

    • Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of tentative speech?

  • Using hedges to express uncertainty or vagueness.
  • Employing disclaimers to mitigate potential criticism.
  • Employing assertive statements to express strong opinions. (correct)
  • Using tag questions to soften statements.

    • According to the Whorfian Hypothesis, how does language influence our perception of reality?

  • Language primarily reflects our existing perceptions of the world, but does not directly influence them.
  • Language provides a framework for our thoughts and shapes how we understand and interpret the world around us. (correct)
  • Language acts as a neutral tool for expressing our thoughts and feelings, with minimal impact on our perception.
  • Language is primarily a product of our cultural background, and does not significantly impact our individual perspectives.

    • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the female-as-exception phenomenon found in language?

    <p>Using gender-neutral language when referring to specific female groups. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a euphemism related to the treatment of women in language?

    <p>Describing a woman as a 'chick' or a 'broad.' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms BEST exemplifies the concept of infantilizing women in language?

    <p>Using the term 'girl' to refer to an adult woman. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Different Cultures Hypothesis

    Deborah Tannen's theory positing that men and women communicate differently based on cultural backgrounds.

    Gender-Linked Language Effect

    A phenomenon where language use varies between sexes, influenced by gender norms and expectations.

    Tentative Speech

    Language that conveys uncertainty or hesitation, often more common in women's speech.

    Tag Questions

    Questions added to statements, often making them less assertive; more common in women's speech.

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    Euphemism

    A mild or indirect word or expression used to replace one considered too harsh or blunt, especially relating to women.

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    Infantilizing

    Using language that treats women as if they are younger or less mature, undermining their authority.

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    Visual Dominance Ratio

    A metric examining eye contact and its effects on perceptions of dominance in interaction.

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    Whorfian Hypothesis

    The concept that language influences thought and perception of reality.

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    Study Notes

    Chapter 5: Gender and Communication

    • This chapter examines evidence of differences in verbal and nonverbal communication between men and women, and how societal views are shaped through language.

    Different Communication Goals

    • Tannen (1991) proposed that men and women have different communication goals.

    Different Cultures Hypothesis

    • Tannen's (1991) "Different Cultures Hypothesis" posits that men and women communicate differently with different aims and goals.

    Gender-Linked Language Effect

    • Mulac (2006) described the gender-linked language effect.

    Language Use and Sex Differences

    • Examines specific language features where differences exist, including: tentative speech, tag questions, disclaimers, hedges, and intensifiers.
    • Effect sizes related to language use and gender are discussed.
    • Context moderates the observed sex differences in language use.

    Interruptions and Talkativeness

    • Discusses sex differences in interrupting, including the distinctions between intrusive and affiliative interruptions.
    • Differences in talkativeness are examined, including the distinctions between affiliative and assertive speech styles.

    E-Talk and Nonverbal Communication

    • Examines Thomson's work (1991, 1996) on electronic communication (e-talk), specifically a study involving Netpal, and the significance of context in online communication.
    • Examines nonverbal communication differences, including personal space, eye contact, and smiling.

    Visual Dominance Ratio

    • Discusses how the visual dominance ratio is examined in relation to the perceived dominance in eye contact and smiling, in both men and women.

    Female-as-Exception Phenomenon

    • Describes the "female-as-exception" phenomenon as a tendency to perceive or treat women as something unusual in contrast to men and norms (example needed?).

    Euphemisms

    • Describes how euphemisms affect the treatment of women in language.

    Infantilizing Language

    • Explains "infantilizing language" and provides examples concerning the treatment of women in language.

    Parallel Words

    • Discusses the use of parallel words to degrade women in language.
    • Discusses the potential for similar words to degrade men.

    Whorfian Hypothesis

    • Describes the Whorfian Hypothesis (Whorf, 1956).
    • Compares this hypothesis to the idea that our thoughts shape our language.

    Wudgemaker Study & Stereotypes

    • Presents the Wudgemaker Study (Hyde, 1984) and how it assesses the links between language and the development of gendered stereotypes.
    • Explains how stereotypes are perpetuated in society.

    Pronoun Use and Language Change

    • Examines proposed language changes to reduce biases against transgender individuals.
    • Emphasizes that current language can perpetuate problematic assumptions about gender.

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    SOP3742 Study Guide for Exam 1

    Description

    This quiz explores the key concepts from Chapter 5 on gender and communication. It examines the differences in verbal and nonverbal communication between men and women, highlighting theories such as Tannen's Different Cultures Hypothesis and the Gender-Linked Language Effect. Delve into how societal views are influenced by language use between genders.

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