30 Questions
According to the three-component model (ABC model), which component refers to our belief or feeling toward a social group?
Cognitive
What term is used to describe the differential treatment among people based on their category membership?
Discrimination
What does the term 'sexism' refer to?
Prejudice and discrimination based on gender
What are subtypes in the context of stereotypes?
Specific categorizations within a social group
What is the term for the anxiety and negative emotions experienced by stigmatized groups when they worry about confirming negative stereotypes in tasks that matter to them?
Stereotype threat
Which component of the three-component model involves reacting to others differently because of their category membership?
Behavioural
What is the term for generalised beliefs about characteristics and behaviors of a group?
Stereotypes
What is the term for the differential treatment among people based on their category membership?
Discrimination
What term refers to the interactive component in the three-component model (ABC model)?
Interactive
What term describes the belief or feeling toward a social group in the three-component model (ABC model)?
Affective
What were the two groups of boys at the summer camp randomly assigned to in the study?
Competing sports teams
What were the three phases of the experiment?
Formation, Competition, Cooperation
Which theory explained the reduction of intergroup conflict through the introduction of superordinate goals requiring cooperation?
Osgood’s GRIT
What conditions proved effective in promoting positive intergroup relations?
Common goal, cooperation, and equal status
What did the study find about the effects of intergroup contact?
Effects generalized beyond immediate participants to entire outgroup
What is the link between contact's ability to reduce prejudice and familiarity?
Familiarity breeds liking
What is the role of Graduated Reciprocation in Tension-Reduction (GRIT)?
To maintain peace through reciprocal initiatives
What did the study find about Allport’s conditions for positive outcomes of intergroup contact?
They are essential for positive outcomes
What additional concept was mentioned in the text alongside the Implicit Association Test?
Essentialism
What was the aim of the study mentioned in the text?
To explore the role of superordinate goals in reducing intergroup conflict
According to role congruity theory, why is there a gender gap in leadership?
Social stereotypes of women are inconsistent with effective leadership schemas
What does the glass ceiling refer to in the context of leadership positions?
An invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from attaining top leadership positions
What is the glass cliff phenomenon?
The tendency for women to be appointed to precarious leadership positions associated with a high probability of failure and criticism
How does the media perpetuate gender stereotypes?
By illustrating men with greater prominence to the head and women with greater prominence to the body
What is tokenism in the context of discrimination?
Involves giving trivial concessions to a minority group to deflect accusations of discrimination
What does reverse discrimination refer to?
Favoring a minority group over a majority group to deflect accusations of discrimination
What impact does aging have on the popularity of male and female actors?
Males are more likely to be nominated for best picture Oscars and to win movie guide ratings
In what ways can stigma be manifested?
Visual, concealable/internal, or controllable
Why does stigma persist?
Due to self-evaluative advantage, legitimizing inequalities of status, and feelings of certainty and controllability
What can contribute to increased negativity between social groups?
Competition between social groups over valued commodities or opportunities
Study Notes
Gender Discrimination and Stigma in Social Psychology
- Role congruity theory suggests that social stereotypes of women are inconsistent with effective leadership schemas, leading to a gender gap in leadership.
- The glass ceiling is an invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from attaining top leadership positions.
- The glass cliff phenomenon refers to the tendency for women to be appointed to precarious leadership positions associated with a high probability of failure and criticism.
- Media often illustrate men with greater prominence to the head and women with greater prominence to the body, perpetuating gender stereotypes.
- Discrimination can be expressed as social distance or ambivalence behaviors or feelings, and can manifest as symbolic racism.
- Tokenism involves giving trivial concessions to a minority group to deflect accusations of discrimination.
- Reverse discrimination refers to favoring a minority group over a majority group to deflect accusations of discrimination.
- Aging has an impact on the popularity of male and female actors, with males being more likely to be nominated for best picture Oscars and to win movie guide ratings.
- Stigma can be visual, concealable/internal, or controllable, and targets cannot easily avoid being the target of stereotypes and discrimination.
- Stigma persists due to self-evaluative advantage, legitimizing inequalities of status, and feelings of certainty and controllability.
- Prejudice can stem from competition between social groups over valued commodities or opportunities, contributing to increased negativity between groups.
- Tajfel's minimal group paradigm suggests that mere classification of individuals into arbitrary groups can result in discrimination, with in-group bias being more important than out-group.
Test your knowledge on gender discrimination and stigma in social psychology with this insightful quiz. Explore concepts such as the glass ceiling, tokenism, reverse discrimination, and the impact of media portrayal on perpetuating gender stereotypes. Delve into the complexities of stigma and prejudice, and gain a deeper understanding of the psychological factors contributing to discrimination and inequality.
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