Gender Development and Mainstreaming Concepts

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Questions and Answers

During which stage of Freud's psychosexual development does the Oedipus complex occur?

Oral stage

Genital stage

Anal stage

Phallic stage (correct)

What role does the ego play in behavior according to Freud's theory?

It develops gender identity through unconscious desires.

It represses all sexual impulses during childhood.

It focuses solely on primal urges and instincts.

It evaluates social realities, norms, and rules. (correct)

Which behavioral focus is associated with the anal stage of development?

Cognitive and social development

Sucking and biting

Genital stimulation

Bowel movements (correct)

What is the primary goal of gender mainstreaming?

To integrate gender concerns into policies across all areas Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the latency stage in Freud's theory?

Focus on educational and social relationships Signup and view all the answers

Which chromosomes are responsible for determining a male's gender?

XY Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the development of male gonads in an embryo?

Presence of the SRY gene Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the genital stage in Freud's psychosexual development?

Formation of intimate adult relationships Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the statement 'All men were once women' in biological terms?

All embryos start out with potential for either gender Signup and view all the answers

What complex do girls experience during the phallic stage according to Freud?

Electra complex Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the SRY gene in gender development?

It initiates the cascade of reactions for male gonad development Signup and view all the answers

At what age range does the phallic stage occur in Freud's psychosexual development?

3-6 years Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the behavioral focus during the oral stage?

Sucking, biting, and chewing Signup and view all the answers

How do biological differences fundamentally affect gender?

They are reflected in DNA and chromosome variations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes gender identity?

It is a personal sense of maleness or femaleness Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical feature of gender mainstreaming?

It aims for holistic strategies rather than short-term fixes Signup and view all the answers

What does the cognitive approach emphasize regarding a child's development?

The child's understanding and cognition Signup and view all the answers

At what age do children typically begin to recognize their gender identity according to Kohlberg's model?

Around age three Signup and view all the answers

How do children develop gender role identities according to cognition learning?

Primarily through their own cognition Signup and view all the answers

What is a schema in the context of cognitive development?

A set of observed or spoken rules Signup and view all the answers

What is the final stage in the four stages of development in social learning theory?

Motivation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Oedipus complex in psychoanalytic theory?

Desire for sexual involvement with the parent of the opposite sex Signup and view all the answers

Which age range does the Electra complex typically involve?

3 to 6 years Signup and view all the answers

According to social-learning theory, what influences the acquisition of gender identity in children?

Influence of parents and other people Signup and view all the answers

In social learning theory, what stage involves the memorization of observed behaviors?

Memory Signup and view all the answers

What typically happens to boys' aggressiveness as per social learning theory?

It leads to acceptance and reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

What effect might a child's observation of family dynamics have on their perception of gender roles?

It shapes their views on respect and value of genders Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key factor in cognitive-developmental theory?

Internal thought processes Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major causes of gender differences in behavior between boys and girls?

Socialization efforts by parents and society Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Psychoanalytic Theory developed by Sigmund Freud?

The examination of the unconscious mind Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the personality does the id represent according to Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory?

Basic instincts and desires Signup and view all the answers

What role does learning play in the formation of gender roles as described in the content?

It contributes to shaping gender schemas Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the major theories attributed to the development of identity?

Behavioral Theory Signup and view all the answers

In Freud's theory, what does the ego primarily focus on?

Balancing the demands of the id with reality Signup and view all the answers

How are gender roles characterized according to the content?

They influence how individuals express their gender identity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the superego in Freud's theory?

It represents moral values and conscience Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of gender schemas as mentioned in the content?

They guide individuals in understanding gender expectations Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gender Mainstreaming

Aims for equal benefit to men and women in all spheres of life
Incorporates gender concerns into policy design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation
Seeks to prevent perpetuation of inequality
Emphasizes holistic approach to achieve lasting change

Gender Identity, Role, & Development

Biological sex is determined by chromosomes: XX for female, XY for male
Y chromosome's SRY gene triggers male development, otherwise, female development occurs
Gender Identity is a personal sense of being male or female
Gender Role is shaped by both culture and personal beliefs
Gender schemas are cognitive frameworks defining masculine and feminine traits

Major Theories of Gender Development

Psychoanalytic: Sigmund Freud
Social-Learning: Albert Bandura
Cognitive-Developmental: Lawrence Kohlberg

Psychoanalytic Theory

Children's basic biological motivations are satisfied through psychoanalysis
ID: instinctual desires for immediate gratification
Ego: rational and realistic, balances ID and Superego
Superego: internalized moral compass and societal values
Phallic stage (age 3-6): Focus on genitals, Oedipus complex for boys, Electra complex for girls
Oedipus complex involves attraction to opposite-sex parent, rivalry with same-sex parent
Electra complex is the equivalent experience for girls, with attraction to father and hostility towards mother

Gender identity is acquired through social interaction and observation, especially from parents
Children learn through reinforcement: praise for gender-appropriate behavior, punishment for inappropriate behavior
Societal norms and media contribute to shaping gender roles
Four Stages of Gender Development:
- Attention: Observing behavior
- Memory: Remembering observed behavior
- Imitation: Reproducing observed behavior
- Motivation: Seeking consequences or rewards for desired behavior

Cognitive-Developmental Theory

Children develop their understanding of gender through cognitive processes
They organize information about gender into schemas, guiding their behavior
Children recognize their gender identity around age three
Gender schemas are solidified around ages five to seven, influencing behavior and role models
Children's perception of gender is shaped by their environment and experiences

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Description

This quiz covers essential theories and concepts related to gender mainstreaming, gender identity, roles, and development. It explores various theoretical frameworks from notable psychologists and the biological underpinnings of gender. Test your knowledge on how these elements interact to influence societal norms.