Podcast
Questions and Answers
During which stage of Freud's psychosexual development does the Oedipus complex occur?
During which stage of Freud's psychosexual development does the Oedipus complex occur?
- Oral stage
- Genital stage
- Anal stage
- Phallic stage (correct)
What role does the ego play in behavior according to Freud's theory?
What role does the ego play in behavior according to Freud's theory?
- It develops gender identity through unconscious desires.
- It represses all sexual impulses during childhood.
- It focuses solely on primal urges and instincts.
- It evaluates social realities, norms, and rules. (correct)
Which behavioral focus is associated with the anal stage of development?
Which behavioral focus is associated with the anal stage of development?
- Cognitive and social development
- Sucking and biting
- Genital stimulation
- Bowel movements (correct)
What is the primary goal of gender mainstreaming?
What is the primary goal of gender mainstreaming?
What is a key characteristic of the latency stage in Freud's theory?
What is a key characteristic of the latency stage in Freud's theory?
Which chromosomes are responsible for determining a male's gender?
Which chromosomes are responsible for determining a male's gender?
What triggers the development of male gonads in an embryo?
What triggers the development of male gonads in an embryo?
What is the primary focus of the genital stage in Freud's psychosexual development?
What is the primary focus of the genital stage in Freud's psychosexual development?
What is indicated by the statement 'All men were once women' in biological terms?
What is indicated by the statement 'All men were once women' in biological terms?
What complex do girls experience during the phallic stage according to Freud?
What complex do girls experience during the phallic stage according to Freud?
What is the role of the SRY gene in gender development?
What is the role of the SRY gene in gender development?
At what age range does the phallic stage occur in Freud's psychosexual development?
At what age range does the phallic stage occur in Freud's psychosexual development?
Which of the following accurately describes the behavioral focus during the oral stage?
Which of the following accurately describes the behavioral focus during the oral stage?
How do biological differences fundamentally affect gender?
How do biological differences fundamentally affect gender?
Which of the following describes gender identity?
Which of the following describes gender identity?
What is a critical feature of gender mainstreaming?
What is a critical feature of gender mainstreaming?
What does the cognitive approach emphasize regarding a child's development?
What does the cognitive approach emphasize regarding a child's development?
At what age do children typically begin to recognize their gender identity according to Kohlberg's model?
At what age do children typically begin to recognize their gender identity according to Kohlberg's model?
How do children develop gender role identities according to cognition learning?
How do children develop gender role identities according to cognition learning?
What is a schema in the context of cognitive development?
What is a schema in the context of cognitive development?
What is the final stage in the four stages of development in social learning theory?
What is the final stage in the four stages of development in social learning theory?
What is the primary focus of the Oedipus complex in psychoanalytic theory?
What is the primary focus of the Oedipus complex in psychoanalytic theory?
Which age range does the Electra complex typically involve?
Which age range does the Electra complex typically involve?
According to social-learning theory, what influences the acquisition of gender identity in children?
According to social-learning theory, what influences the acquisition of gender identity in children?
In social learning theory, what stage involves the memorization of observed behaviors?
In social learning theory, what stage involves the memorization of observed behaviors?
What typically happens to boys' aggressiveness as per social learning theory?
What typically happens to boys' aggressiveness as per social learning theory?
What effect might a child's observation of family dynamics have on their perception of gender roles?
What effect might a child's observation of family dynamics have on their perception of gender roles?
Which of the following is a key factor in cognitive-developmental theory?
Which of the following is a key factor in cognitive-developmental theory?
What is one of the major causes of gender differences in behavior between boys and girls?
What is one of the major causes of gender differences in behavior between boys and girls?
What is the primary focus of the Psychoanalytic Theory developed by Sigmund Freud?
What is the primary focus of the Psychoanalytic Theory developed by Sigmund Freud?
Which aspect of the personality does the id represent according to Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory?
Which aspect of the personality does the id represent according to Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory?
What role does learning play in the formation of gender roles as described in the content?
What role does learning play in the formation of gender roles as described in the content?
Which of the following is NOT one of the major theories attributed to the development of identity?
Which of the following is NOT one of the major theories attributed to the development of identity?
In Freud's theory, what does the ego primarily focus on?
In Freud's theory, what does the ego primarily focus on?
How are gender roles characterized according to the content?
How are gender roles characterized according to the content?
Which of the following accurately describes the superego in Freud's theory?
Which of the following accurately describes the superego in Freud's theory?
What is a key characteristic of gender schemas as mentioned in the content?
What is a key characteristic of gender schemas as mentioned in the content?
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Study Notes
Gender Mainstreaming
- Aims for equal benefit to men and women in all spheres of life
- Incorporates gender concerns into policy design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation
- Seeks to prevent perpetuation of inequality
- Emphasizes holistic approach to achieve lasting change
Gender Identity, Role, & Development
- Biological sex is determined by chromosomes: XX for female, XY for male
- Y chromosome's SRY gene triggers male development, otherwise, female development occurs
- Gender Identity is a personal sense of being male or female
- Gender Role is shaped by both culture and personal beliefs
- Gender schemas are cognitive frameworks defining masculine and feminine traits
Major Theories of Gender Development
- Psychoanalytic: Sigmund Freud
- Social-Learning: Albert Bandura
- Cognitive-Developmental: Lawrence Kohlberg
Psychoanalytic Theory
- Children's basic biological motivations are satisfied through psychoanalysis
- ID: instinctual desires for immediate gratification
- Ego: rational and realistic, balances ID and Superego
- Superego: internalized moral compass and societal values
- Phallic stage (age 3-6): Focus on genitals, Oedipus complex for boys, Electra complex for girls
- Oedipus complex involves attraction to opposite-sex parent, rivalry with same-sex parent
- Electra complex is the equivalent experience for girls, with attraction to father and hostility towards mother
Social-Learning Theory
- Gender identity is acquired through social interaction and observation, especially from parents
- Children learn through reinforcement: praise for gender-appropriate behavior, punishment for inappropriate behavior
- Societal norms and media contribute to shaping gender roles
- Four Stages of Gender Development:
- Attention: Observing behavior
- Memory: Remembering observed behavior
- Imitation: Reproducing observed behavior
- Motivation: Seeking consequences or rewards for desired behavior
Cognitive-Developmental Theory
- Children develop their understanding of gender through cognitive processes
- They organize information about gender into schemas, guiding their behavior
- Children recognize their gender identity around age three
- Gender schemas are solidified around ages five to seven, influencing behavior and role models
- Children's perception of gender is shaped by their environment and experiences
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