Gender Analysis: Purpose and Application

• Basic concepts of and tools for gender analysis are provided by the Department of the Interior and Local Government, and the Philippine Commission on Women.

Gender Analysis

• It is a process of investigation at the start of planning, in order to:
  • Identify gaps between women and men, girls and boys.
  • Understand why the gaps exist and persist.
  • Choose actions to reduce the gap or address the issue.
• It considers how social relations are affected by how an organization operates, or how a development program is implemented.
• It is a tool to understand social processes and respond with informed and equitable options
• It helps to identify gender issues and design strategies to address such issues in proposed or existing programs, projects, and activities.
• It contributes to accurately disaggregating the factors that create and sustain one condition.
• Questions to consider include:
  • Who does what?
  • Who has what?
  • Who decides?
  • How?
  • Who gains?
  • Who loses?
• It highlights the relationship of women and men in society and existing inequalities.
• It seeks ways to bring about more balanced relations between women and men.
• 25% of positions are less occupied by women.
• Management positions are more occupied by men than women.
• Women make up 20% of the candidates.

Levels of Gender Analysis

• Gender analysis occur at:
  • Household and community level
    • gender gaps
    • gender analysis matrix (GAM)
    • a 24 hour activity profile
  • Project or program level
    • Harmonized GAD Guidelines (HGDG)
  • Organization or institution level
    • PCW's Gender Mainstreaming Evaluation Framework (GMEF)
    • Gender-responsive LGUs (GeRL Ka Ba Self-Assessment)

Gender Analysis-Planning Flow

• Starts with a:
  • Situation Analysis (ID gender issues, investigate cause of issues).
  • Moves onto Development and Implementation of Strategy (Address gender issues/causes, creating opportunities).
  • GAD goals and targets, and Gender Mainstreaming Evaluation Framework (GMEF) (gender equality and women's empowerment)

Situational Analysis

• Surface the differential situation of men and women (access to Family Planning services).
  • Only data on the access of couples to FP supplies is available. There is no sex disaggregated data.
  • 70% access from public facilities like hospitals, RHUs, BHSs, BHWs, and BSPOs,.
  • 28% are from private facilities like hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies.
  • Must consider: do both men and women access supplies, and who goes to the facility more often (males or females).
  • If men's rate is low, its causes should be explored: -Macho image -Perceived reduction/erosion of virility? -What would make them access natural or modern FP supplies?
• Identify the differential roles and responsibilities of men and women.
  • Consider gender roles assigned to both parties.
  • What is the role of the husband over the decision to access a birthing facility
  • Should men encourage the birthing woman to deliver at the hospital/health center?

Access to Resources

• Analyze the differential access to resources of men and women.
  • Why do women still prefer to deliver with the assistance of hilots?
  • What are the factors affecting women's access to a birthing facility? -Availability of a birthing facility? -Access road? -Money? -Woman's level of education? -Knowledge? Information?

Impact of Programs

• Analyze the differential impact of programs or project interventions to men and women.
  • Responsible parenthood and family planning services affect both groups differently.
    • How does it benefit men and women?
    • What will be the impact of having the "desired" number of children on members of both groups?
      • Lesser number of dependents?
      • More time for productive work? Better health?

Factors Contributing to Maternal Deaths:

• Distance to health facilities
• Wait & see attitude
• Late referrals

24 Hour Activity Profile

• A gender Analysis tool to understand the community.
  • Productive:
    • Involves production of goods and services for consumption and trade.
    • Usually with a cash value
  • Reproductive:
    • Care and maintenance of the household or family.
    • Includes even formation of values and the transmission of traditions.
    • Crucial to human survival yet often devalued
  • Community work:
    • Organization of social events and services, ceremonies and celebrations;
    • Participation in groups and organization;
    • Involves considerable volunteer time;
    • Venue for decision-making
  • Leisure
    • Time for oneself, to recharge physically, mentally, spiritually.

Explore the role of gender analysis in planning, project design, and understanding social dynamics. Learn how it ensures equitable outcomes and reveals gender disparities in various contexts. Understand its application in development programs and organizational management.