Questions and Answers
How many neutrons are present in iodine-126? Choose only ONE best answer.
How many protons are present in Al3+? Choose only ONE best answer.
How many neutrons are present in chlorine-37? Choose only ONE best answer.
How many electrons are present in an iron atom? Choose only ONE best answer.
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How many electrons are present in Fe2+? Choose only ONE best answer.
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What is the atomic mass of fluorine? Choose only ONE best answer.
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What is the formula weight of Ca(NO3)2? Choose only ONE best answer.
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What is the correct name for (NH4)2S? Choose only ONE best answer.
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What is the correct name for MgSO3? Choose only ONE best answer.
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What is the correct name for Fe2O3? Choose only ONE best answer.
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Give the chemical formula for titanium (IV) oxide. Choose only ONE best answer.
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What is the correct formula for potassium hypochlorite? Choose only ONE best answer.
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What is the correct formula for sodium dichromate? Choose only ONE best answer.
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What is the correct name for ClO3? Choose only ONE best answer.
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What is the correct name for PCl5? Choose only ONE best answer.
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What is the correct name for N2O? Choose only ONE best answer.
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What is the correct formula for dinitrogen tetroxide? Choose only ONE best answer.
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Give the chemical formula for carbon tetrachloride. Choose only ONE best answer.
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Give the chemical formula for tetraphosphorus decoxide. Choose only ONE best answer.
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What is the correct name for aqueous HBr? Choose only ONE best answer.
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Study Notes
Isotopes and Neutrons
- Iodine-126 has 73 neutrons calculated by subtracting its atomic number (53 protons) from its mass number (126).
- Chlorine-37 contains 20 neutrons, derived similarly from its mass number (37) and atomic number (17).
Atomic Structure
- Aluminum Ion (Al3+) retains 13 protons, corresponding to its atomic number.
- A neutral iron atom has 26 electrons, matching its atomic number (26).
- Fe2+, indicating a loss of two electrons, has 24 electrons.
Atomic Mass
- The atomic mass of fluorine is 19.00 amu, representing the average mass of its isotopes.
Formula Weight Calculation
- The formula weight of Ca(NO3)2 totals 164 amu, calculated from its constituent atomic masses:
- Calcium (Ca) = 40
- Nitrogen (N) = 2 × 14 = 28
- Oxygen (O) = 6 × 16 = 96
- Sum = 40 + 28 + 96 = 164 amu.
Naming Ionic Compounds
- (NH4)2S is named ammonium sulfide. The name derives from the ammonium cation and the sulfide anion.
- MgSO3 is termed magnesium sulfite, following the same naming conventions for ionic compounds.
- Fe2O3 is known as iron (III) oxide, indicating iron’s +3 oxidation state.
Chemical Formulas
- Titanium (IV) oxide is represented as TiO2 due to titanium's +4 oxidation state and the oxide ion's -2 charge.
- Potassium hypochlorite is denoted as KClO, balancing the +1 charge from potassium and -1 from hypochlorite.
- Sodium dichromate is formulated as Na2Cr2O7, reflecting a 2:1 ratio of sodium to dichromate ions.
Naming Molecular Compounds
- ClO3 is referred to as chlorine trioxide following naming rules for molecular compounds.
- PCl5 is called phosphorus pentachloride, incorporating prefixes to denote the number of atoms.
- N2O is known as dinitrogen monoxide, also applying numerical prefixes.
Additional Chemical Formulas
- Dinitrogen tetroxide is represented by the formula N2O4, aligning with the prefix "tetra" for four.
- Carbon tetrachloride corresponds to CCl4, indicating four chlorine atoms bonded to a carbon.
- Tetraphosphorus decoxide is chemically noted as P4O10, showing ten oxygen atoms per four phosphorus atoms.
Naming Acids
- Aqueous HBr is termed hydrobromic acid, following the naming convention for binary acids: hydro-element-ic acid.
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Test your knowledge of general chemistry with these flashcards focusing on isotopes and ions. Questions include determining the number of neutrons in iodine-126 and the number of protons in Al3+. Perfect for chemistry students preparing for exams.
