GEJC1020: L6 Hollywood of the East

A Chinese martial art emphasizing skill and discipline, often used for self-defense and/or entertainment

A genre of Chinese literature and film focusing on martial arts and chivalry, often emphasizing justice and morality.

A major Hong Kong film production company that produced many martial arts films in the 1960s and 70s.

A famous Hong Kong director known for creating a masculine martial arts style emphasizing violence and brotherhood in his films.

The period following the Chinese Civil War (mid-20th century)

A prominent author who significantly influenced the development of Wuxia Literature.

Films featuring martial arts, often with strong narrative themes about justice and brotherhood/loyalty

Monks of the Shaolin Temple known for their expertise in martial arts and associated with the emergence of many martial arts

A period of significant growth in Hong Kong's film industry, characterized by increased production, and market expansion.

Focus on high-quality film content to attract audiences.

Bigger films, larger production values, attract more viewers.

Selling films internationally to expand audiences and revenue.

A studio controls production, distribution, and exhibition of films, to avoid relying on external agents.

Emergence of films that reflect Hong Kong's unique identity and values in a given period.

Study media messages, including film, to understand cultural trends and meanings.

Big studios like Shaw Brothers previously controlled Hong Kong's film industry for many years.

A change in the population structure, such as an increase or decrease in a specific age group.

Individuals between the ages of 15 and 29, often considered a significant demographic group.

The level of education achieved by a person, often measured by years of schooling or degrees earned.

The level of education required for admission to a university, often equivalent to high school completion.

University programs that lead to a bachelor's, master's, or doctoral degree.

The proportion of a specific group within the total population.

A growing trend in the number of people achieving higher education.

The relationship between changes in education levels and changes in population structure.

A Hong Kong film production company that emerged in the 1970s, known for giving more autonomy to filmmakers and exporting Kung Fu films internationally.

The unique style, themes, and cultural elements that characterized Hong Kong films, emerging in the 1970s, often reflecting local values and stories.

A system where film distributors play a key role in shaping the production process, often by financing and commissioning films that are likely to be commercially successful.

Several factors contributed to the rise of Golden Harvest, including the increasing educational attainment of the population, economic growth and social reforms, and the struggle between Shaw Brothers and Golden Harvest.

Golden Harvest introduced a less centralized approach than Shaw Brothers, giving more autonomy to filmmakers, focusing on exports, and bringing in new stars like Bruce Lee and Jackie Chan.

Following the success of Golden Harvest, other distributors took on a bigger role, shaping the industry by financing and promoting films that were commercially viable and appealed to audiences.

Rising education levels, economic growth, and social reforms paved the way for a larger middle class with more disposable income, thus fueling the demand for films and the emergence of a distinct Hong Kong film culture.

The restructuring of the television sector in Hong Kong had an indirect effect on the film industry, with television becoming a more dominant force in entertainment, requiring adjustments in the film industry's strategies.

This period covers the significant changes in Hong Kong film industry, from its local dominance to the rise of Hollywood and the impact of video piracy.

The total amount of money earned by a film from its box office sales.

The comparison of box office performance between films produced in Hong Kong and those imported from other countries, primarily Hollywood.

Hong Kong films relying heavily on pre-selling distribution rights to overseas markets before production is complete.

The widespread influence of American films worldwide, often seen as a form of cultural imperialism.

The illegal copying and distribution of films, which significantly impacted the Hong Kong film industry's profitability.

The dominance of one culture over another, often through the spread of media like films.

The idea that larger production volume leads to lower per-unit costs, making film production more efficient for major distributors.

A cinema chain established in Hong Kong in 1987, initially controlled by major distributors, which challenged existing film market structures.

Cinema complexes with multiple screens, often featuring a wide variety of films, ultimately changing the way films were distributed and exhibited in Hong Kong.

The period from 1993 onwards, marked by a decrease in popularity and revenue for Hong Kong films, attributed to multiple factors, including competition from Hollywood.

Investment from outside countries, like Taiwan, which significantly influenced the Hong Kong film industry in the late 1980s, leading to both opportunities and challenges.

The increasing cost of land and buildings in Hong Kong, forcing film distributors to adapt their strategies and face challenges in maintaining cinema chains.

The exclusive right to distribute and exhibit a specific film in a certain territory, often influencing the success of a film in the market.