Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary effect of positive feedback in a system?
What is the primary effect of positive feedback in a system?
- It maintains the status quo.
- It magnifies the original change. (correct)
- It diminishes the original change.
- It stabilizes the system.
Which of the following factors influences air temperatures?
Which of the following factors influences air temperatures?
- Permafrost thickness
- Solar radiation (correct)
- Soil composition
- Rock cycle
What geological process is specifically related to the movement of glaciers?
What geological process is specifically related to the movement of glaciers?
- Erosion (correct)
- Sediment transport
- Weathering
- Permafrost formation
Which of the following best describes the role of negative feedback in a system?
Which of the following best describes the role of negative feedback in a system?
Which of the following is not a component of the water and surface water balance?
Which of the following is not a component of the water and surface water balance?
What term is used to describe the classification of different climate zones around the world?
What term is used to describe the classification of different climate zones around the world?
What is the primary shape used to simplify the Earth in geographical studies?
What is the primary shape used to simplify the Earth in geographical studies?
Which process is associated with the deflation of soil and loss of surface material?
Which process is associated with the deflation of soil and loss of surface material?
What effect does altitude have on air temperature?
What effect does altitude have on air temperature?
How do clouds influence surface temperatures?
How do clouds influence surface temperatures?
What distinguishes parallels from meridians in terms of their geographic characteristics?
What distinguishes parallels from meridians in terms of their geographic characteristics?
Which factor does NOT influence air temperatures according to latitude?
Which factor does NOT influence air temperatures according to latitude?
Which type of radiation accounts for the largest percentage of solar energy emitted by the Sun?
Which type of radiation accounts for the largest percentage of solar energy emitted by the Sun?
What is the dry adiabatic lapse rate?
What is the dry adiabatic lapse rate?
Which of the following best describes the concept of albedo?
Which of the following best describes the concept of albedo?
Why does land heat and cool faster than water bodies?
Why does land heat and cool faster than water bodies?
What is the primary effect of solar wind when it interacts with Earth's magnetosphere?
What is the primary effect of solar wind when it interacts with Earth's magnetosphere?
Which of the following statements about electromagnetic radiation is true?
Which of the following statements about electromagnetic radiation is true?
What type of atmospheric circulation do the Trade Winds represent?
What type of atmospheric circulation do the Trade Winds represent?
Which Köppen Climate classification is characterized by a coldest month temperature greater than 18°C?
Which Köppen Climate classification is characterized by a coldest month temperature greater than 18°C?
What general climate is associated with the Polar high-pressure cells?
What general climate is associated with the Polar high-pressure cells?
Which of the following describes the climate that straddles the ITCZ?
Which of the following describes the climate that straddles the ITCZ?
Which characteristic is true of the Dry (B) classification in the Köppen Climate system?
Which characteristic is true of the Dry (B) classification in the Köppen Climate system?
What is the latitude of the subsolar point during the June solstice?
What is the latitude of the subsolar point during the June solstice?
Which atmospheric layer experiences a decrease in temperature due to the lapse rate?
Which atmospheric layer experiences a decrease in temperature due to the lapse rate?
What is the primary cause of the deflection of winds known as the Coriolis force?
What is the primary cause of the deflection of winds known as the Coriolis force?
Which layer of the atmosphere is primarily responsible for absorbing UV radiation?
Which layer of the atmosphere is primarily responsible for absorbing UV radiation?
What occurs during the winter solstice in the northern hemisphere?
What occurs during the winter solstice in the northern hemisphere?
Which force causes air to move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure?
Which force causes air to move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure?
At which latitudes does the Earth typically experience an energy surplus?
At which latitudes does the Earth typically experience an energy surplus?
What characterizes the heterosphere in the atmosphere?
What characterizes the heterosphere in the atmosphere?
Flashcards
Positive Feedback
Positive Feedback
A type of feedback loop where the output amplifies the initial change, pushing the system further away from its starting state. It often leads to instability and disruption.
Negative Feedback
Negative Feedback
A type of feedback loop where the output counteracts the initial change, stabilizing the system and bringing it back to its starting state.
Circles on Earth
Circles on Earth
Circles used to divide the Earth, considering its simplified ellipsoid shape.
Rock Cycle
Rock Cycle
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Tectonic Forces
Tectonic Forces
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Weathering and Erosion
Weathering and Erosion
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Soil
Soil
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Sediment Transport
Sediment Transport
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What are lines of longitude?
What are lines of longitude?
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What are lines of latitude?
What are lines of latitude?
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What is the solar wind?
What is the solar wind?
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What is albedo?
What is albedo?
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What is scattering of solar radiation?
What is scattering of solar radiation?
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Solar Angle
Solar Angle
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Insolation
Insolation
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Subsolar Point
Subsolar Point
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Equinoxes
Equinoxes
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Summer Solstice
Summer Solstice
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Winter Solstice
Winter Solstice
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Energy Surplus
Energy Surplus
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Energy Deficit
Energy Deficit
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Friction force
Friction force
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Sun Angle
Sun Angle
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Day Length
Day Length
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Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate
Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate
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Cloud Cover Impact on Temperature
Cloud Cover Impact on Temperature
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What are the three major categories of global atmospheric circulation?
What are the three major categories of global atmospheric circulation?
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What are the characteristics of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)?
What are the characteristics of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)?
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What are the characteristics of sub-tropical high-pressure cells?
What are the characteristics of sub-tropical high-pressure cells?
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What is the 'A' climate type in the Köppen Climate Classification System?
What is the 'A' climate type in the Köppen Climate Classification System?
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What is the 'B' climate type in the Köppen Climate Classification System?
What is the 'B' climate type in the Köppen Climate Classification System?
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Study Notes
GEG1301 Final Exam Review
- The final exam is on Wednesday, December 18th from 7:00 PM to 10:00 PM in Minto Sports Complex, room 3.
- The exam covers the entire course material.
- The exam will have two sections:
- Part A: 47 multiple-choice questions (1 mark each). Approximately half of the questions will focus on the material before and after midterm 2.
- Part B: 4 short answer questions (10 marks each). Students need to complete 4 out of 5 short answer questions.
- A form will be included on the front page of the exam to exclude one assignment from the final grade calculation. If an assignment is excluded, the weight of the final exam increases by 10%.
- Default formula for calculating the final grade:
- Final exam is worth 36% of the final grade.
Review Topics
- Positive and negative feedbacks
- Latitudes and longitudes
- Solar wind
- Electromagnetic energy
- Earth energy balance
- Solstices and equinoxes
- Atmospheric profile
- Factors influencing air temperatures
- Forces acting on air movement in the atmosphere
- Atmospheric circulation patterns
- Koppen climate classification
- Water and surface water balance
- Earth's structure
- Rock cycle
- Tectonic forces
- Weathering and erosion
- Soil
- Sediment transport in streams
- Coastal waves
- Coastal erosion
- Types of glaciers and glacier erosion
- Permafrost
- Wind erosion
- System Feedback (ability to change themselves)
- Dividing the Earth (parallels and meridians)
- Solar Activity and Solar Wind
- Wavelength and Frequency
- Wavelength of radiated energy
- Energy Pathways and Principles
- Effect of Earth's tilt on solar angle and insolation
- Energy Budget by Latitude
- Atmospheric Profile
- Stable Components of the Homosphere
- Air Movement in the Atmosphere (forces: gravity, pressure-gradient, Coriolis, friction).
- Factors influencing air temperatures (latitude, altitude, cloud cover, land-water heating differences)
- Atmospheric Circulation (global circulation, migratory high/low pressure systems, local winds)
- Köppen Climate Classification System
- Water molecules (polar covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds)
- H-bonds, surface tension and capillary action
- Phase Changes (specific heat, latent heat of fusion, melting, freezing, latent heat of vaporization, evaporation, condensation)
- The Surface Water Balance
- Factors affecting evapotranspiration
- The Rock Cycle (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic rocks)
- Deformation of the crust (compression, tension, and shear)
- Faulting (normal, reverse, thrust)
- Weathering (physical, chemical, biological)
- Geography of Weathering (intensity of weathering at different locations)
- Erosion (stages: detachment, transport, deposition)
- Entrainment (critical erosion velocities)
- Factors of Soil Formation (parent material, climate, topography, time, biology)
- Soil Acidity and Alkalinity (pH scale, moisture conditions, fertility implications)
- Soil moisture (gravitational, capillary, hygroscopic water)
- Sediment transport in streams (bedload, suspended, dissolved load)
- Sediment transport in streams (topography and climate effects)
- Coastal wave geometry (oscillatory and translatory waves)
- Coastal erosion (cliff formation, wave-cut platform, marine terrace)
- Glaciers as systems (accumulation, ablation, equilibrium line altitude)
- Types of glaciers (alpine, continental)
- Glacial erosion (abrasion, crushing, quarrying)
- Permafrost
- System of air flow
- Wind erosion (abrasion, deflation)
- Desert sand dunes (transverse, barchan, linear)
- Coastal sand dunes (embryo, foredune, blowouts, parabolic)
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Description
Prepare for your GEG1301 final exam with this comprehensive review. It covers essential topics such as latitudes, longitudes, and the earth's energy balance. Familiarize yourself with the exam format, including multiple-choice and short answer questions, to maximize your performance.
