GEC 11: Anthropology of the Self

Anthropological Perspective of the Self

• Anthropology originates from the Greek words "anthropos" (man) and "logos" (study), emphasizing a holistic view of human nature.
• Examines the interaction between cultural and biological processes to shape human experiences and identities.

Cultural Construction of Self and Identity

• Culture defined as a "complex whole" encompassing various elements such as knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, and customs (Edward Tylor).
• Culture guides behavior through shared understandings, influencing individual lifestyles.

Ethnic Identity

• Defined as the recognition of shared characteristics such as language and culture within a group, fostering a sense of belonging and individuality (James L. Peacock, 1986).

Two Types of Self

• Egocentric Self:

  • Views the self as autonomous and independent.
  • Each individual is seen as a distinct entity with self-contained characteristics.

• Sociocentric Self:

  • Perceives the self as context-dependent and shaped by social settings.
  • Emphasizes interdependence and social orientation over individual autonomy.

Cultural Perspectives on Self

• In Japan, a sociocentric view prioritizes interdependence within groups.
• Chinese culture also favors sociocentric dynamics, emphasizing kin ties and cooperation.
• American culture generally adopts an egocentric viewpoint, valuing assertiveness and independence.

Identity Construction

• Identity toolbox encompasses features individuals emphasize while constructing their social selves.
• Two types of identity:
  • Independent Identity: Focuses on individual traits and personal goals.
  • Interdependent Identity: Centers on social connections and relations with others.

Personal Naming and Identity

• Personal naming is a crucial element in establishing one's identity and belonging within a community.
• A name signifies individuality and social legitimacy; absence of a name implies the absence of a self.

Rites of Passage (Gennep’s Three-Phased Rite of Passage)

• Separation: Detachment from previous identities (e.g., moving to a new place).
• Liminal: Transition state between old and new identities (e.g., orientation for freshmen).
• Incorporation: Integration of changes into a new identity marked by rituals (e.g., weddings, graduations).

Identity Struggles

• Refers to the conflict arising between self-perceived identity and the identity attributed by others.
• Overcoming traditional and familial imposed self-images can be challenging for self-identification (Golubovic).

Indigenous Peoples of Bukidnon

• Talaandig: One of 110 indigenous groups in the Philippines; known for oral traditions, religious rituals, and cultural practices centered around Mount Kitanglad.
• Higaonon: Peace-loving group focused on harmony; rich in traditional rituals and culture connected to their ancestral land.
• Bukidnon: Indigenous group with distinct physical traits; predominantly monotheistic, believing in a supreme deity "Magbabaya."
• Umayamnon: Dwell in Pantaron mountains, known for traditional customs; practices unique dental decoration.
• Manobo: Diverse ethnic groups linked by language; culture steeped in traditions and beliefs about spirits and agriculture.
• Matigsalug: Residing in Tigwa-Salug Valley with practices such as tattooing and betel nut chewing; promote values of honesty and cooperation.

Cultural Impact on Self-Perception

• Collective identity plays a crucial role in individual self-conception across various indigenous groups.
• Cultural expressions shape personal and group identity, interlinking tradition with modern influences.

This quiz explores the anthropological perspective of the self, emphasizing its embeddedness in culture. Students will engage with key concepts in anthropology, analyze various conceptualizations of the self, and recognize cultural diversities in self-formation. Prepare to discuss and compare these essential ideas.