GCSE Geography Marking Scheme 2019

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Questions and Answers

What is a contributing factor to the lack of job opportunities in remote rural areas?

  • Abundance of recreational facilities
  • High demand for technology jobs
  • Limited access to public transport (correct)
  • Presence of multinational corporations

Which housing challenge is commonly faced by rural areas?

  • Lack of affordable housing (correct)
  • Excessive urban sprawl
  • High cost of living due to remote locations
  • Overpopulation leading to overcrowded homes

How does urbanization primarily affect geographical disparities?

  • Decreased job opportunities in urban centers
  • Increased equality in service distribution
  • Enhanced global connectivity for remote regions
  • Migration of youth leading to urban areas (correct)

What is a key characteristic of sustainable urban development?

<p>Promoting long-term environmental health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of migration patterns from rural to urban areas?

<p>School closures in rural communities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the development of tourist attractions have on rural areas?

<p>It provides services and employment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the percentage of people aged 65+ living in Poole in 2015?

<p>Approximately 22.1% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By 2033, which of the following changes is predicted for the over 65 population in Dorset?

<p>An increase in the modal group from 60-64 to 65-69. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What signifies the main employment change due to urbanization in rural areas?

<p>Emergence of tourist-focused jobs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is likely to influence migration patterns towards urban centers?

<p>High-quality urban educational facilities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge is often associated with housing in rapidly urbanizing areas?

<p>Increasing costs and scarcity of housing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does geographical disparity have on urban development?

<p>Creates uneven access to resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential advantage of sustainable urban development?

<p>Long-term cost savings and resource management. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of an ageing population on healthcare in the UK?

<p>Increased pressure and costs on the NHS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an ageing population affect government finances in the UK?

<p>It results in less tax income and increased state pension payouts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge does loneliness among the elderly create for the UK?

<p>The need for more social support services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are many remote rural areas experiencing population decline?

<p>Increased educational opportunities in cities attract younger people. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the trend of rural depopulation suggest about housing needs?

<p>There is a greater demand for affordable housing in rural areas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor contributing to the ageing population in the UK?

<p>Increased life expectancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does urbanization influence housing challenges?

<p>It increases housing prices due to higher demand. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geographical factor contributes to the challenges faced by rural areas in retaining population?

<p>Limited access to modern amenities and services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Rural Area Challenges

Remote rural areas often face issues like job scarcity, low income, limited services, and poor transport/internet.

Job Scarcity in Rural Areas

Rural communities frequently have fewer job opportunities compared to urban areas.

Low Income and Part-Time Work

Many rural residents face low incomes and rely on part-time work.

Limited Services

Remote rural communities may have limited access to essential services.

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Poor Infrastructure

Issues in rural areas can involve poorly developed infrastructure like transport and internet connectivity.

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Calculating Percentage of 65+ in Poole (2015)

To find the percentage of people aged 65+ living in Poole in 2015, divide the number of people aged 65+ (33,470) by the total population (151,500) and multiply by 100.

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Population Percentage Calculation

Finding the proportion of a specific group (e.g., 65+) within a larger population.

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Expected Population Structure Change (Dorset 2033)

Describing anticipated shifts in the demographics of Dorset's population aged 65+ by 2033, focusing on two possible changes.

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Dorset Population Structure Change

Predicting change in the number of people of different ages and genders over time in the population of Dorset.

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AO1 in Exam

The general understanding, knowledge and demonstration of basic facts concerning a topic

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AO2 in Exam

The application of a process, concepts, or knowledge to complete a skill, solve a problem or reach a conclusion.

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AO3 in Exam

Explaining and justifying the process, or conclusion, by providing evidence, reasoning, and explanation in the response.

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AO4 in Exam

Offering a holistic picture or evaluation that uses existing knowledge, concepts and skill to respond to the question with a summary or a concluding statement.

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Ageing population challenges

An ageing population in the UK poses challenges due to increased healthcare costs, reduced tax revenue versus higher pension expenditures, leading to potential cuts in other services, and the rising need for support services and suitable housing for older people.

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UK healthcare expenses

Rising healthcare costs are a major financial challenge for the UK as the older population increases.

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Reduced tax revenue

Fewer working-age individuals contribute to taxes, leading to a decrease in government income when the population ages.

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State pension expense

The UK must spend more on state pensions as its population ages, leading to a financial strain on the system.

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Rural population decline

Decline in population in remote rural areas due to factors such as lack of job opportunities, poor infrastructure, and limited accessibility to services, compared to urban centers.

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Urban-rural continuum

The concept that reflects the varying characteristics and level of development in rural and urban areas, with various factors like economic activity and population density contributing to their differences.

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Remote rural areas

Rural areas that are far from major cities and offer limited convenience and necessities compared to urban settlements.

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Population decline factors

Reasons for the decrease in population in rural areas, encompassing aspects such as lack of job opportunities, poor infrastructure, limited accessibility to health and social services, or inadequate amenities, potentially motivating relocation to urban areas.

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Study Notes

GCSE Geography Marking Scheme 2019

  • The marking scheme was used for the 2019 GCSE Geography examination.
  • It was developed through detailed discussion at examiners' conferences.
  • The conferences involved all examiners involved in the assessment.
  • Examiners reviewed photocopied scripts to ensure consistent marking.

Introduction

  • The marking scheme aims for consistent application by all examiners.
  • Teachers may have different interpretations, without participation in examiners' conferences.
  • WJEC does not respond to individual queries about the scheme.

Instructions for Examiners

  • GCSE Geography marking prioritizes learner effort over penalizing omissions.
  • Full marks are possible for high-quality responses, and zero marks for poor responses.
  • Points must be awarded for concepts and criteria, not simply deducted for incorrect information.

Marking Schemes Detail

  • Positive Marking: Give credit for what learners write; Avoid deducting points for omissions.
  • Tick Marking: Use a points-based system where ticks indicate each awarded point.
  • Banded Mark Schemes: Schemes are divided into bands based on performance descriptors.
  • Deciding on Band: Evaluate the response holistically to select the appropriate performance band.
  • Stage 2 - Deciding on Mark: Based on the band selected, assign the relevant corresponding mark from detailed advice from the Principal Examiner.

Core Theme 1 - Question 1

  • (a)(i): Grid reference for a designated square.
  • (a)(ii): The correct word for the sentence is included in the question.
  • (a)(iii): Two features from the map that attract visitors to the area.
  • (a)(iv): One positive and one negative impact of many visitors on a physical landscape.

Core Theme 2 - Question 2

  • (a)(i): Name a Dorset urban area.
  • (a)(ii): Definition for sphere of influence.
  • (a)(iii): Reason why towns have a large sphere of influence.
  • (b)(i): Calculation of percentage of people aged 65+ living in Poole in 2015.
  • (b)(ii): Two ways the structure of the over-65 population in Dorset is predicted to change in 2033.

Theme 3 - Question 3

  • (a): Describe the changes shown on the provided graph.
  • (b)(i): Two human factors that increase vulnerability to tectonic hazards.
  • (b)(ii): Explanation of why pyroclastic flows are a significant volcanic hazard.

Theme 4 - Question 4

  • (a): Describe the changes shown on the provided graph.
  • (b)(i): Two human factors that increase vulnerability to coastal hazards.
  • (b)(ii): Explanation of why powerful storms can cause coastal flooding.

General Advice

  • Performance Descriptors: Different bands are associated with different levels of performance regarding spelling, punctuation, and grammar when answering the questions.
  • Content Marks: Awarded for the geographical content in the responses.
  • Additional Information: Specific instructions, such as using the provided table to calculate the percentage for the given question, are presented along with the questions as required.

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