Bio 101 test #2

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What process involves the removal of water to form large, complex compounds?

Condensation

Dehydration synthesis (correct)

Hydrolysis

Dissociation

Which type of carbohydrates is composed of two monosaccharides bonded together?

Disaccharides (correct)

Polysaccharides

Oligosaccharides

Monosaccharides

What is the monomer of proteins?

Fatty acids

Nucleotides

Amino acids (correct)

Glycerol

Which of the following is a polymer made from glycerol and fatty acids?

Phospholipids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes nucleotides?

They consist of a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a sugar. Signup and view all the answers

Which functional group contains a basic nitrogen atom?

Amino group Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of glycogen in the human body?

Regulating glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

Which type of carbohydrate is not digestible by humans due to the lack of necessary enzymes?

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of facilitated diffusion?

It requires membrane proteins to assist the movement. Signup and view all the answers

Which process is referred to as 'cell eating'?

Phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What happens to glucose after it binds to its transport protein?

It changes the transport protein's shape to enter the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a noncompetitive inhibitor in an enzyme's function?

It alters the enzyme's shape, affecting substrate binding. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about macromolecules is correct?

They consist of many smaller units called monomers. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes active transport from passive transport?

Active transport requires ATP for the movement of substances. Signup and view all the answers

How does endocytosis differ from exocytosis?

Endocytosis is the process of taking materials into the cell. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of molecule is least likely to participate in forming polymers through dehydration synthesis?

Triglycerides Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when water has a high degree of cohesion?

It enables absorption of heat without significant temperature change. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

They secrete digested enzymes for breaking down materials. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of lipids in the body?

Insulation and protection of organs Signup and view all the answers

Which property of the phospholipid bilayer allows the cell membrane to be selectively permeable?

Fluidity and mosaic model of arrangement Signup and view all the answers

What is denaturation in the context of proteins?

The irreversible change in protein shape Signup and view all the answers

Which component is not present in prokaryotic cells?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Prevents drastic decrease in fluidity Signup and view all the answers

In which type of solution does cytolysis occur?

Hypotonic solution Signup and view all the answers

What process involves the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell contains mitochondria?

Eukaryotic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic structure of a nucleotide?

5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of transport proteins in the cell membrane?

Facilitating active and passive transport of molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes channel proteins?

Can transport water and small polar molecules Signup and view all the answers

What energy process occurs during active transport?

Transport against concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

Which type of macromolecule does insulin belong to?

Protein Signup and view all the answers

Which solution will cause a red blood cell with 0.9% NaCl to undergo crenation?

Hypertonic solution Signup and view all the answers

What feature of eukaryotic cells allows for compartmentalization of cellular functions?

Presence of membrane-bound organelles Signup and view all the answers