Bio 101 test #2

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Questions and Answers

What process involves the removal of water to form large, complex compounds?

  • Condensation
  • Dehydration synthesis (correct)
  • Hydrolysis
  • Dissociation

Which type of carbohydrates is composed of two monosaccharides bonded together?

  • Disaccharides (correct)
  • Polysaccharides
  • Oligosaccharides
  • Monosaccharides

What is the monomer of proteins?

  • Fatty acids
  • Nucleotides
  • Amino acids (correct)
  • Glycerol

Which of the following is a polymer made from glycerol and fatty acids?

<p>Phospholipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes nucleotides?

<p>They consist of a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a sugar. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which functional group contains a basic nitrogen atom?

<p>Amino group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of glycogen in the human body?

<p>Regulating glucose levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of carbohydrate is not digestible by humans due to the lack of necessary enzymes?

<p>Cellulose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of facilitated diffusion?

<p>It requires membrane proteins to assist the movement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is referred to as 'cell eating'?

<p>Phagocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to glucose after it binds to its transport protein?

<p>It changes the transport protein's shape to enter the cell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a noncompetitive inhibitor in an enzyme's function?

<p>It alters the enzyme's shape, affecting substrate binding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about macromolecules is correct?

<p>They consist of many smaller units called monomers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes active transport from passive transport?

<p>Active transport requires ATP for the movement of substances. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does endocytosis differ from exocytosis?

<p>Endocytosis is the process of taking materials into the cell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of molecule is least likely to participate in forming polymers through dehydration synthesis?

<p>Triglycerides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when water has a high degree of cohesion?

<p>It enables absorption of heat without significant temperature change. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

<p>They secrete digested enzymes for breaking down materials. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of lipids in the body?

<p>Insulation and protection of organs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of the phospholipid bilayer allows the cell membrane to be selectively permeable?

<p>Fluidity and mosaic model of arrangement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is denaturation in the context of proteins?

<p>The irreversible change in protein shape (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is not present in prokaryotic cells?

<p>Nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

<p>Prevents drastic decrease in fluidity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of solution does cytolysis occur?

<p>Hypotonic solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process involves the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?

<p>Osmosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell contains mitochondria?

<p>Eukaryotic cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic structure of a nucleotide?

<p>5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of transport proteins in the cell membrane?

<p>Facilitating active and passive transport of molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes channel proteins?

<p>Can transport water and small polar molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What energy process occurs during active transport?

<p>Transport against concentration gradient (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of macromolecule does insulin belong to?

<p>Protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which solution will cause a red blood cell with 0.9% NaCl to undergo crenation?

<p>Hypertonic solution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature of eukaryotic cells allows for compartmentalization of cellular functions?

<p>Presence of membrane-bound organelles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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