Gastrointestinal Tract Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about blood sugar regulation?

  • Insulin is produced by pancreatic beta cells to increase blood glucose levels.
  • Glucagon is produced by pancreatic alpha cells to maintain blood glucose levels. (correct)
  • Blood sugar and blood glucose are not interchangeable terms.
  • Fasted blood glucose is maintained around 150-160 mg/dL.

    • What happens to non-fat, water-soluble foodstuffs in the gastrointestinal system?

  • They enter the liver via the portal venous blood and undergo intermediary processing. (correct)
  • They bypass the liver and are absorbed by the intestinal lymphatics.
  • They are primarily absorbed by the hepatic vein.
  • They are broken down by the enteric nervous system (ENS).

    • What controls the passage of ingested substances in the gastrointestinal tract?

  • Smooth muscle (correct)
  • Nervous system only
  • Liver sinusoids
  • Hormones only

    • How are macromolecules absorbed into circulation in the gastrointestinal system?

    <p>Through the gastrointestinal tract after mechanical and chemical breakdown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when new glucose is produced mostly via amino acids?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the release of glucose originating from glycogen stored in the liver?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when insulin binds to its receptor on the surface of cells?

    <p>Glucose uptake increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal blood glucose level range expected between 60-180 min after a meal?

    <p>80-100 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean when someone is described as glucose tolerant?

    <p>They can maintain blood glucose within normal levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the kidneys?

    <p>To filter the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional unit aiding in the filtration in the kidneys?

    <p>Nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two distinct parts of the renal corpuscle?

    <p>Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents a bundle of interconnecting capillaries in the renal corpuscle?

    <p>Glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the movement in the renal corpuscle via, emptying via an efferent arteriole?

    <p>Filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of filtration across capillaries, moving from high to low pressure in bulk?

    <p>Glomerular filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does renal clearance measure?

    <p>Mass of substance excreted per unit time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the release of glucose originating from glycogen stored in the liver?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Control of musculature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for fasted blood glucose level?

    <p>80-100 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to fat in the gastrointestinal system?

    <p>Bypasses the liver, absorbed by the intestinal lymphatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What controls the passage of ingested substances from top to bottom in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Enteric nervous system (ENS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between glucagon and insulin in blood sugar regulation?

    <p>Glucagon and insulin have opposing effects on blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are non-fat, water-soluble foodstuffs processed in the gastrointestinal system?

    <p>Absorbed by the intestinal lymphatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hepatic vein in the gastrointestinal system?

    <p>Emptying blood into the inferior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood leaving the liver in the gastrointestinal system?

    <p>Enters the thoracic duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route for fat absorption in the gastrointestinal system?

    <p>Intestinal lymphatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the passage of ingested substances controlled in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Neural and hormonal control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood sugar levels when glucagon is produced by pancreatic alpha cells?

    <p>Blood sugar increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which glucose is taken into the cells of the liver?

    <p>Insulin binds to its receptor on the surface of the cells, causing GLUT4 to translocate to the cell membrane, allowing glucose uptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected blood glucose level range between 60-180 min after a meal, depending on the size and contents of the meal?

    <p>80-100 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the kidneys in the body?

    <p>Regulation of water, sodium, and hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents a bundle of interconnecting capillaries in the renal corpuscle?

    <p>Glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the movement in the renal corpuscle via, emptying via an efferent arteriole?

    <p>Glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of filtration across capillaries, moving from high to low pressure in bulk?

    <p>Glomerular filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What controls the passage of ingested substances in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when new glucose is produced mostly via amino acids?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when insulin binds to its receptor on the surface of cells?

    <p>GLUT4 translocates to the cell membrane, allowing glucose uptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of tubular reabsorption and secretion primarily driven by in the kidneys?

    <p>Diffusion and mediated transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional unit aiding in the completion of filtration in the kidneys?

    <p>Nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected return to resting blood glucose levels after a meal, depending on size and contents?

    <p>Between 60-180 min</p> Signup and view all the answers

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