Gastrointestinal Tract Quiz

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Which of the following is true about blood sugar regulation?

Insulin is produced by pancreatic beta cells to increase blood glucose levels.

Glucagon is produced by pancreatic alpha cells to maintain blood glucose levels. (correct)

Blood sugar and blood glucose are not interchangeable terms.

Fasted blood glucose is maintained around 150-160 mg/dL.

What happens to non-fat, water-soluble foodstuffs in the gastrointestinal system?

They enter the liver via the portal venous blood and undergo intermediary processing. (correct)

They bypass the liver and are absorbed by the intestinal lymphatics.

They are primarily absorbed by the hepatic vein.

They are broken down by the enteric nervous system (ENS).

What controls the passage of ingested substances in the gastrointestinal tract?

Smooth muscle (correct)

Nervous system only

Liver sinusoids

Hormones only

How are macromolecules absorbed into circulation in the gastrointestinal system?

Through the gastrointestinal tract after mechanical and chemical breakdown. Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when new glucose is produced mostly via amino acids?

Gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the release of glucose originating from glycogen stored in the liver?

Glucagon Signup and view all the answers

What happens when insulin binds to its receptor on the surface of cells?

Glucose uptake increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal blood glucose level range expected between 60-180 min after a meal?

80-100 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when someone is described as glucose tolerant?

They can maintain blood glucose within normal levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the kidneys?

To filter the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional unit aiding in the filtration in the kidneys?

Nephron Signup and view all the answers

What are the two distinct parts of the renal corpuscle?

Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule Signup and view all the answers

What represents a bundle of interconnecting capillaries in the renal corpuscle?

Glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement in the renal corpuscle via, emptying via an efferent arteriole?

Filtrate Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of filtration across capillaries, moving from high to low pressure in bulk?

Glomerular filtration Signup and view all the answers

What does renal clearance measure?

Mass of substance excreted per unit time Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the release of glucose originating from glycogen stored in the liver?

Glucagon Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in the gastrointestinal tract?

Control of musculature Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for fasted blood glucose level?

80-100 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What happens to fat in the gastrointestinal system?

Bypasses the liver, absorbed by the intestinal lymphatics Signup and view all the answers

What controls the passage of ingested substances from top to bottom in the gastrointestinal tract?

Enteric nervous system (ENS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between glucagon and insulin in blood sugar regulation?

Glucagon and insulin have opposing effects on blood sugar levels Signup and view all the answers

How are non-fat, water-soluble foodstuffs processed in the gastrointestinal system?

Absorbed by the intestinal lymphatics Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hepatic vein in the gastrointestinal system?

Emptying blood into the inferior vena cava Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood leaving the liver in the gastrointestinal system?

Enters the thoracic duct Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route for fat absorption in the gastrointestinal system?

Intestinal lymphatics Signup and view all the answers

How is the passage of ingested substances controlled in the gastrointestinal tract?

Neural and hormonal control Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood sugar levels when glucagon is produced by pancreatic alpha cells?

Blood sugar increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which glucose is taken into the cells of the liver?

Insulin binds to its receptor on the surface of the cells, causing GLUT4 to translocate to the cell membrane, allowing glucose uptake Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected blood glucose level range between 60-180 min after a meal, depending on the size and contents of the meal?

80-100 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the kidneys in the body?

Regulation of water, sodium, and hydrogen ions Signup and view all the answers

What represents a bundle of interconnecting capillaries in the renal corpuscle?

Glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement in the renal corpuscle via, emptying via an efferent arteriole?

Glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of filtration across capillaries, moving from high to low pressure in bulk?

Glomerular filtration Signup and view all the answers

What controls the passage of ingested substances in the gastrointestinal tract?

Peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when new glucose is produced mostly via amino acids?

Gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What happens when insulin binds to its receptor on the surface of cells?

GLUT4 translocates to the cell membrane, allowing glucose uptake Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of tubular reabsorption and secretion primarily driven by in the kidneys?

Diffusion and mediated transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional unit aiding in the completion of filtration in the kidneys?

Nephron Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected return to resting blood glucose levels after a meal, depending on size and contents?

Between 60-180 min Signup and view all the answers

Gastrointestinal Tract Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about blood sugar regulation?

What happens to non-fat, water-soluble foodstuffs in the gastrointestinal system?

What controls the passage of ingested substances in the gastrointestinal tract?

How are macromolecules absorbed into circulation in the gastrointestinal system?

What is the process called when new glucose is produced mostly via amino acids?

Which hormone stimulates the release of glucose originating from glycogen stored in the liver?

What happens when insulin binds to its receptor on the surface of cells?

What is the normal blood glucose level range expected between 60-180 min after a meal?

What does it mean when someone is described as glucose tolerant?

What is the primary purpose of the kidneys?

What is the functional unit aiding in the filtration in the kidneys?

What are the two distinct parts of the renal corpuscle?

What represents a bundle of interconnecting capillaries in the renal corpuscle?

What is the movement in the renal corpuscle via, emptying via an efferent arteriole?

What is the process of filtration across capillaries, moving from high to low pressure in bulk?

What does renal clearance measure?

Which hormone stimulates the release of glucose originating from glycogen stored in the liver?

What is the primary function of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in the gastrointestinal tract?

What is the normal range for fasted blood glucose level?

What happens to fat in the gastrointestinal system?

What controls the passage of ingested substances from top to bottom in the gastrointestinal tract?

What is the relationship between glucagon and insulin in blood sugar regulation?

How are non-fat, water-soluble foodstuffs processed in the gastrointestinal system?

What is the function of the hepatic vein in the gastrointestinal system?

What happens to blood leaving the liver in the gastrointestinal system?

What is the primary route for fat absorption in the gastrointestinal system?

How is the passage of ingested substances controlled in the gastrointestinal tract?

What happens to blood sugar levels when glucagon is produced by pancreatic alpha cells?

What is the process by which glucose is taken into the cells of the liver?

What is the expected blood glucose level range between 60-180 min after a meal, depending on the size and contents of the meal?

What is the primary purpose of the kidneys in the body?

What represents a bundle of interconnecting capillaries in the renal corpuscle?

What is the movement in the renal corpuscle via, emptying via an efferent arteriole?

What is the process of filtration across capillaries, moving from high to low pressure in bulk?

What controls the passage of ingested substances in the gastrointestinal tract?

What is the process called when new glucose is produced mostly via amino acids?

What happens when insulin binds to its receptor on the surface of cells?

What is the process of tubular reabsorption and secretion primarily driven by in the kidneys?

What is the functional unit aiding in the completion of filtration in the kidneys?

What is the expected return to resting blood glucose levels after a meal, depending on size and contents?

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