Gastrointestinal Tract Fluid Dynamics
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Questions and Answers

What is a common sign of dehydration in infants?

  • Increased tear production
  • Elastic skin turgor
  • Frequent urination
  • Sunken fontanel (correct)

    • Electrolyte levels should be monitored in patients who have experienced vomiting or suctioning.

    True

    What is the recommended action if a patient shows signs of dehydration?

    Provide oral rehydration therapy as tolerated.

    The loss of acid due to vomiting or suctioning can lead to __________.

    <p>metabolic alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the symptoms or conditions with their associated electrolyte imbalances:

    <p>Hypovolemia = Fluid volume deficit Metabolic alkalosis = Loss of acid from vomiting Hypokalemia = Potassium deficit Dehydration = Signs like dry mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of coffee-ground vomitus?

    <p>Digested blood from slowly bleeding gastric or duodenal lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lower esophageal sphincter completely relaxes during vomiting.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored to understand the condition of vomiting in a patient?

    <p>Character, amount, and frequency of vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of vomiting, __________ may indicate pyloric stenosis or increased intracranial pressure.

    <p>projectile vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following interventions with their purpose:

    <p>Maintain a patent airway = Prevent aspiration Position the child on the side = Reduce aspiration risk Monitor vomiting = Assess severity of condition Offer mouth care every 2 hours = Maintain oral hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is critical to replace when gastric suction or continuous drainage is ordered?

    <p>Fluid and electrolytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Weight loss is a symptom that should be explored during a vomiting assessment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important to inquire about regarding a female patient of childbearing age who presents with vomiting?

    <p>Pregnancy status and contraceptive method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms may indicate increased intracranial pressure?

    <p>Projectile vomiting unaccompanied by nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bile-stained vomitus is an indicator of an obstruction below the pylorus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary area of the brain responsible for the vomiting reflex?

    <p>medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diaphragm and the abdominal muscles contract forcefully, increasing the __________ pressure.

    <p>intragastric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of vomitus with its likely cause:

    <p>Bile-stained vomitus = Obstruction below the pylorus Bloody vomitus = Upper GI bleeding Brown vomitus with fecal odor = Intestinal obstruction or infarction Burning, bitter-tasting vomitus = Excessive hydrochloric acid in gastric contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is NOT a step in the vomiting reflex?

    <p>Inhaling deeply through the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Constipation can lead to projectile vomiting.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you be alert for in a patient with Central Nervous System (CNS) injury who exhibits vomiting?

    <p>widened pulse pressure or bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of fecal matter is composed of fluid?

    <p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diarrhea is characterized by a decrease in stool frequency and liquidity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal fluid intake range for adults in milliliters?

    <p>2400 – 2700 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The loss of hydrochloric hydrogen ions can lead to the development of ___________.

    <p>metabolic alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following GI symptoms with their descriptions:

    <p>Nausea = Uncomfortable sensation of sickness Vomiting = Forceful expulsion of gastric contents Dyspepsia = Upper abdominal discomfort associated with eating Flatulence = Normal presence of gas in the digestive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a common sign of gastrointestinal disorders?

    <p>Increased thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All foods that are solid at room temperature are considered solid foods when documenting intake.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two stool characteristics that may signal colonic dysfunction or disease?

    <p>Constipation and diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fluid output for adults is typically between __________ mL daily.

    <p>2300 - 2500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following foods can help with dyspepsia?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vomiting can occur normally during the first trimester of pregnancy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using OLDCART in evaluating gastrointestinal pain?

    <p>To assess the characteristics of the pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When inspecting the abdomen, a healthcare provider should check for __________.

    <p>distention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates hematochezia?

    <p>Red stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of acute diarrhea?

    <p>Food poisoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic diarrhea lasts less than two weeks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What procedure is meant to empty the stomach of toxic substances?

    <p>Gastric decompression/lavage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increased frequency of bowel movements is defined as more than __________ times per day.

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of diarrhea with their descriptions:

    <p>Secretory = High volume, associated with bacterial toxins Osmotic = Water pulled into the intestine by unabsorbed particles Malabsorptive = Inhibits effective absorption of nutrients Exudative = Caused by mucosal integrity changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following could lead to sodium deficit (hyponatremia)?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diarrhea is always associated with an infectious agent.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common complication of diarrhea?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of __________ in the stool can indicate inflammatory enteritis/colitis.

    <p>blood, mucus, pus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diarrhea is associated with lactase deficiency?

    <p>Osmotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intermittent suctioning is a method used for gastric decompression.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one medication that can cause diarrhea.

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______________ syndrome is characterized by an excess of gastric juice.

    <p>Zollinger-Ellison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sign of hyponatremia?

    <p>Weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT)

    • 100-200 ml fluid loss, 8L fluid circulates through GIT every 24 hours.
    • Most fluid is reabsorbed into the bloodstream, fecal matter is 75% fluid and 25% solid.

    Average Daily Fluid Intake/Output for Adult

    • Intake: 2400-2700 mL

    • Output: 2300-2600 mL (100-200 mL difference).

    • Oral Fluids: 1200-1500 mL

    • Water in Foods: 1000 mL

    • Water as by-product of food metabolism: 200 mL

    • Sources of Output

      • Urine: 1400-1500 mL
      • Insensible Losses
        • Lungs: 350-400 mL
        • Skin: 350-400 mL
        • Sweat: 100 mL
        • Feces: 2400-2700 mL

    Recording Fluid Intake/Output

    • Intake: Oral fluids, parenteral fluids (IV medications, catheters, tube irrigations), foods that become liquid at room temperature, tube feedings.
    • Output: Urinary output, vomitus, liquid feces, tube drainage, wound and fistula drainage (1 glass = 200 mL/240 mL).

    Common Signs and Symptoms of GIT Problems

    • Abdominal pain, indigestion, belching, flatulence, nausea, vomiting.
    • Pain: Onset, location, duration, characteristics, aggravating factors, relieving factors, treatment, PQRST, OLDCART.

    Additional Information

    • Ice Chips: Volume recorded as half the volume taken.
    • Foods: Purees are not considered solid foods.
    • Kidney failure: (in context of other GIT issues)
    • Diarrhea/Constipation: Changes in stool frequency and consistency, associated symptoms(abdominal cramps, distention), types (watery, semi-solid)
    • Vomiting: Forceful expulsion of gastric contents, causes(infection/inflammation, drugs, metabolic imbalances).
    • Description of Stool: Color, consistency, presence of blood (black - tarry, red), and foul smell.
    • Complications: Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic complications, abdominal pain, nausea, vomit.
    • Possible Indicators of GIT Problems: Pain, nausea, vomiting, stool changes, unusual abdominal sensations (fullness, bloating).
    • Diagnostic Findings: Blood tests, imaging, endoscopy, stool analysis, etc.

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    Related Documents

    NCM 112 Gastrointestinal Tract Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricacies of fluid intake and output in the gastrointestinal tract. This quiz covers the average daily fluid dynamics in adults, including sources of fluid loss and strategies for recording fluid balance. Test your knowledge on GIT problems and symptoms related to fluid management.

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