Gastrointestinal Therapeutics - Part 1

The reflex action of expelling stomach contents. It's a defense mechanism against toxins, but also associated with various medical conditions.

Medications that induce vomiting.

Medications that prevent or stop vomiting.

Receptors in the brain that play a role in vomiting, particularly in cats and dogs.

Receptors in the brain that play a role in vomiting, particularly in cats and dogs.

Receptors in the brain that play a role in vomiting, particularly in cats and dogs.

A type of medication that affects the nervous system, particularly in cats, and can be used to treat vomiting.

Receptors in the brain that play a role in vomiting, particularly in dogs.

This medication is a dopamine (D2) agonist, meaning it stimulates the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in dogs. It's used as an emetic to induce vomiting.

This medication is an α2-adrenergic agonist, meaning it stimulates the emetic centre in cats. It's used as an emetic to induce vomiting.

This medication is an α2-adrenergic agonist, meaning it stimulates the emetic centre in cats. It's used as an emetic to induce vomiting. It is not used in dogs because it can cause cardiac problems.

Medications that reduce stomach acid production by blocking histamine H2 receptors.

Drugs that suppress stomach acid secretion by inhibiting the proton pump, a key enzyme in acid production.

A protective barrier formed in the stomach by reacting with stomach acid. Helps soothe and heal ulcers.

Medications used to neutralize excess stomach acid. Examples include aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and calcium carbonate.

A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E1. Helps protect the stomach lining and is used for ulcers caused by NSAIDs.

A type of medication that affects the nervous system, commonly used to treat vomiting in cats. It works by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system.

Drugs that reduce bowel movement frequency by slowing down intestinal contractions, increasing water reabsorption, or protecting the intestinal lining.

A class of anti-diarrheal drugs that work by mimicking the effects of opioids, reducing intestinal contractions and increasing water absorption.

A medication that reduces muscle spasms in the gut, often used to treat equine colic (severe abdominal pain in horses).

A class of medications that enhance the movement of food through the digestive tract, often used to treat slow digestion or constipation.

A medication that stimulates the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that increases gut muscle contractions. It can also increase the release of gastric emptying.

A medication that stimulates motilin receptors, leading to increased gut motility.

Drugs that act by inhibiting the release of stomach acid, effectively reducing the amount of acid produced by the stomach.

The enteric nervous system (ENS) governs gut function independently of the central nervous system. It controls motility, secretions and sensing of the environment.

Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter that increases gut motility, relaxes sphincters, boosts blood flow, and stimulates secretions.

Norepinephrine (NE) is a neurotransmitter that slows down gut activity, constricts sphincters, reduces blood flow, and inhibits secretions.

Cisapride was a highly effective prokinetic, but it was withdrawn from human medicine due to risks of heart rhythm problems.

Laxatives promote bowel movements or increase stool fluid content. They are used for constipation or bowel preparation for procedures.

Bulk-forming laxatives, mainly plant fibers like bran, absorb water in the gut and stimulate peristalsis, helping with constipation.