Gastrointestinal Therapeutics - Part 1
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Questions and Answers

What is a major contraindication for inducing vomiting after poisoning?

  • The poison contains antioxidants
  • The patient exhibits severe CNS depression (correct)
  • The poison was ingested over 2-3 hours ago
  • The patient is conscious and alert

    • What is the primary use of emetics?

  • To enhance appetite in anorexic patients
  • To induce vomiting following poisoning (correct)
  • To treat motion sickness in cats
  • To prevent bradycardia in dogs

    • Which drug stimulates the emetic center in cats?

  • Ropinirole
  • Apomorphine
  • Xylazine (correct)
  • Hydrogen peroxide

    • Which of the following is NOT a target for drug therapy in treating gastric ulceration?

    <p>Serotonin receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which emetic is administered orally to stimulate vomiting?

    <p>Hydrogen peroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole?

    <p>Suppress stomach acid secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do histamine H2 receptor antagonists serve in drug therapy?

    <p>They decrease stomach acid production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is specifically used for ulcers caused by NSAIDs?

    <p>Misoprostol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common disadvantage of antacids such as aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide?

    <p>They require frequent administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of sucralfate in the treatment of ulcers?

    <p>Binds to proteins in ulcers to form a protective paste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of emesis in animals?

    <p>To protect from ingested toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor is targeted by antiemetics specifically in dogs?

    <p>Dopamine receptors (D2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antiemetics is known to be a serotonin antagonist?

    <p>Ondansetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The action duration of maropitant as an NK1 receptor antagonist is approximately how long?

    <p>24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor is specifically associated with sympathomimetic effects in cats?

    <p>α2 adrenergic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be excluded before administering metoclopramide?

    <p>GI obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following receptors is NOT mentioned as a target for emetics/antiemetics in dogs and cats?

    <p>Histamine-2 receptors (H2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly pairs an animal with its primary emetic target?

    <p>Dogs - Dopamine receptors (D2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which anti-diarrhoeals reduce diarrhea?

    <p>Enhancing water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is an opioid agonist used as an anti-diarrhoeal?

    <p>Loperamide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What receptor does maropitant primarily antagonize in veterinary medicine?

    <p>NK1 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of prokinetic medications in gastrointestinal treatment?

    <p>Increase gastrointestinal motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following agents is used as an emetic in cats?

    <p>Xylazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug functions as a motilin receptor agonist?

    <p>Erythromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the action of metoclopramide as an antiemetic?

    <p>It is a D2 receptor antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug has an unknown mechanism of action as a prokinetic?

    <p>Lidocaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of emetics?

    <p>To induce vomiting as a protective response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor is primarily targeted by antiemetics in cats?

    <p>Sympathomimetic (α2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a class of drugs used in gastrointestinal therapeutics?

    <p>Bronchodilators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of acid blockers in gastrointestinal therapeutics?

    <p>To reduce stomach acid production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drug is used to decrease the frequency of bowel movements?

    <p>Antidiarrhoeals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In dogs, which receptor is targeted by antiemetic drugs?

    <p>Dopamine receptors (D2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use for laxatives in veterinary medicine?

    <p>To alleviate constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these drugs would be classified as a gastro-protectant?

    <p>Acid blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for metoclopramide in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Increases acetylcholine release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following laxatives promotes peristalsis by increasing stool bulk?

    <p>Bulk forming laxatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prokinetic agent has been withdrawn from human medicine due to safety concerns?

    <p>Cisapride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lubrication in the context of laxatives?

    <p>Prevents water loss from the stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is known to have a dual effect as both an antibiotic and a motilin receptor agonist?

    <p>Erythromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do prokinetics generally have on gastrointestinal motility?

    <p>They increase motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lactulose acts primarily through which mechanism to relieve constipation?

    <p>Fermenting in the large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the secondary action of ranitidine that contributes to its prokinetic effect?

    <p>Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gastrointestinal Therapeutics - Part 1

    • The lecture covers gastrointestinal therapeutics, specifically focusing on the pharmacological principles of treating various gastrointestinal conditions in domestic animals.
    • The learning outcomes include: identifying drugs affecting gastrointestinal function, identifying drugs for treating gastrointestinal disease, examples for treating common diseases in domestic animals, and understanding the pharmacology of antiparasitic treatments.
    • The equine digestive system diagram illustrates the esophagus, cecum, large colon, stomach, small intestines, small colon, and rectum.

    Learning Outcomes

    • State functional problems caused by gastrointestinal diseases.
    • Identify drugs to modify gastrointestinal function.
    • Identify drugs to treat gastrointestinal disease.
    • Illustrate possible uses of drugs to treat common domestic animal diseases.
    • Explain the pharmacological principles of antiparasitic treatments.

    Emetics and Anti-emetics

    • Vomiting (emesis) is a reflex pathway protecting animals from ingested toxins, but also linked to various medical conditions.
    • The main targets for emetics/antiemetics include neurokinin-1 receptors (NK₁), serotonin receptors (5-HT), histamine-1 receptors (H₁), sympathomimetic (α₂), and dopamine receptors (D₂).
    • Species differences are significant in selecting treatment agents.
    • Metoclopramide, maropitant, and ondansetron are key veterinary antiemetics.
    • Apomorphine and xylazine are used as emetics in dogs and cats.

    Acid Blockers and Mucosal-Protectants

    • Acid blockade is essential for treating esophageal and gastric ulceration and gastritis.
    • Main therapeutic targets are histamine H₂ receptors and H+K+-ATPase proton pumps.
    • Mucosal protectants enhance GI barrier function by creating a barrier, neutralizing acid, and boosting prostaglandin E production.
    • Antacids, sucralfate, and misoprostol are frequently used.

    Prokinetics and Anti-diarrhoeals

    • Prokinetics increase gastrointestinal motility.
    • Anti-diarrhoeals decrease motility.
    • Metoclopramide, cisapride, ranitidine, erythromycin, and lidocaine are significant prokinetics.
    • Loperamide and diphenoxylate are opioid antagonists reducing peristalsis.
    • Hyoscine acts as an antispasmodic for equine colic.
    • Kaolin-pectin formulations offer demulcent and adsorbent properties.

    Laxatives

    • Laxatives promote elimination or increase stool fluid content.
    • They are used for constipation or before radiographic/surgical procedures.
    •  Bulk-forming laxatives (e.g., bran) are hydrophilic plant fibers stimulating peristalsis.
    • Lubricant laxatives (e.g., liquid paraffin) coat stool, improving passage.
    • Lactulose ferments in the large intestine to create an osmotic effect.

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    Gastrointestinal Therapeutics – Part 1 PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores gastrointestinal therapeutics with a focus on pharmacological principles related to treating various gastrointestinal conditions in domestic animals. It covers the identification of relevant drugs and the understanding of their pharmacological effects. Participants will learn about the equine digestive system and how to apply knowledge to common diseases.

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