Gastrointestinal Infections and Treatments

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a ______ forming gram positive rod

Respiratory infection with toxin production by Corynebacterium diphtheriae leads to pseudomembrane formation and associated swelling/obstruction. Mass vaccination has virtually eradicated it in the developed world. Clinical manifestations include 'bull neck' and ______

Bacillus anthracis is a ______ forming bacterium

Clostridium difficile causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis. It is a ______ forming bacterium

Clostridium botulinum is responsible for producing a potent ______

Neisseria meningitidis is a gram negative ______

______ - Aerobic, human pathogens Bacillus anthracis

Toxin binds to presynaptic nerve endings blocking Ach release causing descending flaccid paralysis - ______ botulinum

Causes meningococcal disease: Meningitis Bacteraemia (Meningococcal Septicaemia) - ______ meningitidis

______ anthracis Cutaneous/inhalational GI infection Capsule Medusa head appearance Exotoxin

Cause of antibiotic associated diarrhoea Can cause pseudomembranous colitis - ______ difficile

Toxin prevents release of inhibitory neurotransmitters leading to sustained tetanic contraction - ______ tetani

______ are seen, treatment should be commenced and the patient isolated

Sputum culture is more sensitive than smear testing for detecting ______

______ takes 1–3 weeks in liquid media or 4–8 weeks in solid media

______ direct detection of M.tuberculosis in sputum by DNA or RNA amplification

Meningococcal meningitis is associated with nonblanching petechiae due to ______

In cases of Meningism, IV Cefotaxime or IV Amoxicillin are recommended for ______