Gastrointestinal Disorders Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What was the finding of the study regarding benzydamine's effect on recurrent aphthous stomatitis?

Benzydamine caused a higher incidence of side effects than placebo.

Benzydamine was not significantly different from placebo in ulcer severity. (correct)

Benzydamine cured recurrent aphthous stomatitis more effectively than any other treatment.

Benzydamine significantly reduced ulcer pain compared to placebo.

Why did nearly 50% of patients prefer benzydamine?

It provides a transient topical analgesic effect. (correct)

It is an over-the-counter medication available in the UK.

It has been proven to cure mouth ulcers.

It contains a higher concentration of corticosteroids.

What is a mainstay treatment for patients with mouth ulcers according to the information?

Oral antihistamines.

Topical corticosteroids. (correct)

Topical astringents.

Benzydamine mouthwash.

What is noted about the availability of corticosteroid products for mouth ulcers in the UK?

Most products are not available OTC in the UK. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ingredient types has a lack of data supporting its efficacy in mouth ulcers?

Pastes containing gelatin, pectin, and carmellose sodium. Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical symptom of acute cholecystitis?

Colicky and severe epigastric pain Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of aspirin and NSAIDs on the gastrointestinal system?

Gastric irritation leading to dyspepsia Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom would necessitate a referral to a GP when peptic ulcers are suspected?

ALARM symptoms present Signup and view all the answers

How long does pain from biliary colic typically last?

30 minutes to several hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step if a patient taking NSAIDs presents with gastrointestinal pain?

Rule out an adverse drug reaction Signup and view all the answers

What could be a potential consequence of decreased lower esophageal sphincter tone due to medications?

Gastroesophageal reflux Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions presents symptoms that can include pain radiating to the jaw, neck, or arm?

Cardiovascular issues Signup and view all the answers

What is a common age-related factor associated with the incidence of gastric ulcers?

Increased age Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which viruses cause diarrhoea?

Blunting the villi of the upper small intestine Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Escherichia coli is associated with the production of enterotoxins affecting gut function?

Enterotoxigenic E. coli Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a likely cause of diarrhoea?

Medicine-induced Signup and view all the answers

What are common symptoms of acute diarrhoea?

Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramping Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria is known for producing preformed enterotoxins that stimulate electrolyte secretion?

Staphylococcus aureus Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is considered 'very unlikely' to cause diarrhoea?

Foodborne infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of diarrhoea in the community according to the incidence classification?

Viral and bacterial infections Signup and view all the answers

What should be the main priority for a community pharmacist managing diarrhoea cases?

Identify patients needing referral and urgency Signup and view all the answers

Which group is most likely to suffer from oral thrush?

Elderly individuals Signup and view all the answers

What is the likelihood of minor aphthous ulcers being a cause of oral thrush?

Likely Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is classified as 'very unlikely' to cause oral thrush?

Leukoplakia Signup and view all the answers

What should community pharmacists assess if oral thrush is suspected in a patient?

Identifiable risk factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of infants reported to suffer from oral thrush?

14% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common appearance of lesions associated with oral thrush?

Irregularly shaped and varied in size Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step if a healthy adult presents with oral thrush and no identifiable risk factors?

Referral to a doctor Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is classified as 'unlikely' to cause oral thrush?

Lichen planus Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to confirm a self-diagnosis of acute diarrhoea?

Symptoms can vary greatly from medical definitions of diarrhoea. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of acute diarrhoea in all age groups?

Viral gastroenteritis Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested about the prevalence of diarrhoea among children under 5 years old?

They typically have one to three bouts per year. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a commonly implicated virus in acute diarrhoea?

Rotavirus Signup and view all the answers

Which conclusion can be drawn about adults and diarrhoea based on the content?

Adults experience, on average, just under one episode of diarrhoea per year. Signup and view all the answers

What does the content suggest about patients who do not seek care for diarrhoea?

They likely contribute to underreporting of prevalence. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the rotavirus mentioned in the content?

It can be prevented through vaccination. Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to the difficulty in determining the exact prevalence of diarrhoea?

The tendency for patients to self-diagnose and not seek care. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dyspepsia

Dyspepsia refers to discomfort in the upper abdomen, often described as indigestion, heartburn, bloating or nausea.
A number of medications can induce dyspepsia.
Aspirin and NSAIDs are frequently associated with dyspepsia and can decrease lower esophageal tone, leading to reflux.
If ulcers are suspected, referral to a GP is necessary as peptic ulcers can only be conclusively diagnosed with an endoscopy.

Biliary Disease

Biliary disease, like acute cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, typically presents with sudden persistent, severe pain in the upper abdomen.
The pain usually starts a few hours after a meal and can radiate to the right shoulder.
It can last for several hours, sometimes waking the patient in the early hours.

Oral Thrush

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (oral thrush) is an opportunistic mucosal infection that is unusual in healthy individuals.
The very young and the elderly are most likely to suffer from it.
A healthy adult with no risk factors for oral thrush should be referred to a doctor.
If oral thrush is suspected with a history of risk factors, community pharmacists should identify the risk factors.

Diarrhoea

Diarrhoea is characterized by an increase in the frequency, volume, and liquidity of stools.
Diarrhoea is a common symptom that is frequently self-treated.
The precise prevalence and epidemiology of diarrhoea are not well known.
Acute diarrhoea is frequently caused by viral or bacterial infections.

Causes of Diarrhoea

The majority of diarrhoea cases are caused by viral and bacterial infections.
Rotaviruses and noroviruses are common viral causes of diarrhoea.
The exact aetiology of diarrhoea depends on the specific cause.
Bacterial causes occur commonly due to contaminated food or drink.
E. Coli, Shigella, and Salmonella can cause diarrhoea through various mechanisms of inflammation and mucosal injury.
Preformed enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus can also stimulate electrolyte secretion in the intestines.

Diarrhoea Symptoms

Diarrhoea usually has a rapid onset, often accompanied by other symptoms in the absence of a history of pre-existing illness.
Nausea and vomiting may precede or occur concurrently with diarrhoea.
Abdominal cramping, flatulence, and tenderness are common features.
Rotavirus infections might present with additional symptoms.

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Description

Test your knowledge on gastrointestinal disorders including dyspepsia, biliary disease, and oral thrush. This quiz covers symptoms, causes, and treatment options for each condition. Perfect for medical students and healthcare professionals.