Gastrointestinal Disorders and Gastric Acid Production

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What is the normal pH range of the stomach?

3.0 to 4.0
1.0 to 2.0
4.0 to 5.0
2.0 to 3.0 (correct)

What is the function of the H+/K+ ATPase in the stomach?

To pump H+ ions into the lumen of the stomach (correct)
To secrete bicarbonate into the bloodstream
To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
To stimulate the vagus nerve

What is the effect of increased intra-abdominal pressure on GERD symptoms?

It has no effect on GERD symptoms
It only occurs in obese individuals
It alleviates symptoms of GERD
It exacerbates symptoms of GERD (correct)

What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the stomach?

To facilitate the reaction between CO2 and H2O (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for GERD?

Antacids, H2-receptor antagonists, or proton pump inhibitors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between CO2 and H2O in the stomach?

Formation of bicarbonate and H+ ions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of 75% of gallstones?

The amount of cholesterol in bile exceeding the ability of bile salts and phospholipids to emulsify it (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)?

To reduce the inflammatory response (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of lithotripsy in the treatment of gallstones?

To break down gallstones into smaller fragments that can be excreted (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)?

They inhibit the proton (H+-K+–ATPase) pump of the parietal cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between systemic and nonsystemic antacids?

Systemic antacids are absorbed into the systemic circulation, while nonsystemic antacids are not (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of chronic pancreatitis?

Abdominal pain that radiates to the back (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of chronic pancreatitis?

Alcohol abuse and gallstones (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the common side effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)?

GI pain and diarrhea (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pancreatic enzyme replacements in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis?

To replace digestive enzymes that are not being produced by the pancreas (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between IBS and IBD?

IBD is associated with pathophysiological changes in gut structure, while IBS is not (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of gallstones?

Obstruction of a duct causing severe pain, vomiting, and fever (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of nonsystemic antacids?

They partially neutralize gastric acid and inhibit pepsin activity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of prostaglandin E1 analogue on gastric epithelial cells?

Stimulating the secretion of mucus and bicarbonate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which NSAIDs, such as aspirin, contribute to gastric ulcer formation?

By inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX-1) enzyme (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori?

To treat patients with peptic ulcers (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of misoprostol on gastric parietal cells?

Reducing acid and pepsin secretion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the combination of drugs used in triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication?

Proton pump inhibitor plus clarithromycin or metronidazole or tetracycline plus amoxicillin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of treatment for Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy?

2 weeks (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of delayed passage of GI contents on feces?

It allows feces to become desiccated (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for the use of opioids in treating diarrhea?

Enteric infections (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of codeine and morphine in the GI tract?

They have a local action in the GI tract (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of high or chronic doses of diphenoxylate?

Euphoria and physical dependence (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a use of loperamide?

Prophylaxis and treatment of travelers' diarrhea (D) Signup and view all the answers