QUIZ- GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS

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Questions and Answers

Produced in mucosal cells of the stomach and duodenum, inhibits gastric acid secretion and increases mucus and bicarbonate secretion, mucosal blood flow and perhaps mucosal repair

NATURALLY OCCURRING PROSTAGLANDIN E

A preparation of sulfated sucrose and aluminum hydroxide that binds to normal and ulcerated mucosa; used to prevent and treat peptic ulcer disease

SUCRALFATE

Inhibits both basal secretion of gastric acid and the secretion stimulated by histamine, acetylcholine and gastrin

H2RAS

Strong inhibitors of gastric acid secretion

PPIs Signup and view all the answers

Alkaline substances that neutralizes acids

ANTACIDS Signup and view all the answers

For sucralfate to be effective, the drug must be given under which of the ff conditions?

in an acid pH Signup and view all the answers

PPIs are considered the drug of choice for the treatment of which of the following conditions? I. Duodenal ulcers II. Esophageal varices III. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome IV. Gastric ulcers

I, III AND IV ONLY Signup and view all the answers

Mr Stillson, age 75, is treating his ulcer with antacids. Based on Mr Stillcon's age, you expect the physician to prescribe a dose of antacid that compares with the average prescribed dose in which of the ff ways?

smaller than the average prescribed dose Signup and view all the answers

bulk-forming laxatives (psyllium seed) = substances that are largely unabsorbed from the intestine surfactant laxatives (docusate calcium, potassium or sodium) = not well absorbed from the intestine, increase osmotic pressure in the intestinal lumen and cause water to be retained saline laxatives (milk of magnesia) = decrease the surface tension of the fecal mass to allow water to penetrate the stool stimulant cathartics = the strongest and most abused laxatives products Signup and view all the answers

the only lubricant laxative used clinically

mineral oil Signup and view all the answers

Which of the ff are common reasons for abuse of laxatives and cathartics? I. EATING DISORDERS II. DESIRE FOR STRICT WEIGHT CONTROL III. BELIEF THAT A DAILY BOWEL MOVEMENT IS NECESSARY FOR HEALTH IV. GENERAL HEALTH COLONICS

I, II AND III ONLY Signup and view all the answers

MR Givens is diagnosed with hepatic encephalopathy. His ammonia level is 60. The physician orders which of the ff medications to decrease the production of the waste product, ammonia?

Lactulose Signup and view all the answers

Ms Shaw presents to the emergency room with skeletal muscle weakness, dysrhythmias and hypotension. While taking a drug history you learn that the client is taking stimulant cathartics to lose weight. Which of the ff diagnosio do you suspect?

fluid and electrolyte imbalance Signup and view all the answers

Drugs that are used to prevent nausea and vomiting

antiemetic Signup and view all the answers

is an unpleasant sensation of abdominal discomfort accompanied by a desire to vomit

nausea Signup and view all the answers

is the expulsion of contents through the mouth

vomiting Signup and view all the answers

nausea and vomiting are the most common of drug therapy

adverse effects Signup and view all the answers

vomiting occurs when the a nucleus of cells in the medulla oblongata, stimulated

vomiting center Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gastrointestinal System

Sucralfate is produced in mucosal cells of the stomach and duodenum, and inhibits gastric acid secretion, while increasing mucus and bicarbonate secretion, mucosal blood flow, and possibly mucosal repair.
It is a preparation of sulfated sucrose and aluminum hydroxide that binds to normal and ulcerated mucosa, used to prevent and treat peptic ulcer disease.

Gastric Acid Secretion

Sucralfate inhibits both basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, including that stimulated by histamine, acetylcholine, and gastrin.
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are strong inhibitors of gastric acid secretion.

Treatment of Ulcers

PPIs are the drug of choice for treating duodenal ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and gastric ulcers.

Antacids

The dose of antacids prescribed for Mr. Stillson, age 75, would likely be lower compared to the average prescribed dose due to his age.

Laxatives and Cathartics

The only lubricant laxative used clinically is mineral oil.
Common reasons for abusing laxatives and cathartics include eating disorders, desire for strict weight control, and the belief that a daily bowel movement is necessary for health.

Hepatic Encephalopathy

To decrease the production of ammonia in hepatic encephalopathy, the physician would prescribe lactulose.

Electrolyte Imbalance

Ms. Shaw's symptoms of skeletal muscle weakness, dysrhythmias, and hypotension suggest an electrolyte imbalance, likely due to her use of stimulant cathartics to lose weight.

Nausea and Vomiting

Nausea is an unpleasant sensation of abdominal discomfort accompanied by a desire to vomit.
Vomiting is the expulsion of contents through the mouth.
Antiemetics are drugs used to prevent nausea and vomiting, which are common adverse effects of drug therapy.
The nucleus of cells in the medulla oblongata, when stimulated, causes vomiting.

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