Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common indicator of an upper GI bleed?
What is a common indicator of an upper GI bleed?
Which of the following conditions is typically associated with lower GI bleeding?
Which of the following conditions is typically associated with lower GI bleeding?
How much blood loss is generally required to turn stool black in melena?
How much blood loss is generally required to turn stool black in melena?
What test is commonly used to detect abnormalities associated with colorectal cancer?
What test is commonly used to detect abnormalities associated with colorectal cancer?
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Which symptom is indicative of a lower GI bleed?
Which symptom is indicative of a lower GI bleed?
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Study Notes
Upper GI Bleeding
- Originates from esophagus to ligament of Treitz (e.g., peptic ulcer, duodenal ulcer, malignancy)
- Screening involves black, tarry stool (melena). This is due to hemoglobin digestion in the intestines.
- Melena indicates at least 50 ml of blood loss.
Lower GI Bleeding
- Originates in colon, rectum, or anus (e.g., diverticulosis, hemorrhoids, anal fissure, malignancy)
- Screening involves hematochezia (fresh, bloody stool)
- Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is also used.
- Stool DNA testing can detect abnormal DNA linked to colorectal cancers or precancerous polyps (e.g., mutations in KRAS or TP53 genes).
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of upper and lower GI bleeding, including causes, screening methods, and key indicators such as melena and hematochezia. Understand the role of fecal tests and DNA testing in identifying abnormalities linked to gastrointestinal health.
