Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common indicator of an upper GI bleed?
What is a common indicator of an upper GI bleed?
- Foul-smelling stool
- Black, tarry stool (correct)
- Fresh bloody stool
- Pale, watery stool
Which of the following conditions is typically associated with lower GI bleeding?
Which of the following conditions is typically associated with lower GI bleeding?
- Diverticulosis (correct)
- Esophageal varices
- Duodenal ulcer
- Peptic ulcer
How much blood loss is generally required to turn stool black in melena?
How much blood loss is generally required to turn stool black in melena?
- 150 ml
- 50 ml (correct)
- 20 ml
- 100 ml
What test is commonly used to detect abnormalities associated with colorectal cancer?
What test is commonly used to detect abnormalities associated with colorectal cancer?
Which symptom is indicative of a lower GI bleed?
Which symptom is indicative of a lower GI bleed?
Flashcards
Upper GI bleed
Upper GI bleed
Bleeding from the esophagus to the ligament of Treitz.
Lower GI bleed
Lower GI bleed
Bleeding from the colon, rectum, or anus.
Melena
Melena
Black, tarry stool due to digested hemoglobin in intestines.
Hematochezia
Hematochezia
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Stool DNA test
Stool DNA test
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Study Notes
Upper GI Bleeding
- Originates from esophagus to ligament of Treitz (e.g., peptic ulcer, duodenal ulcer, malignancy)
- Screening involves black, tarry stool (melena). This is due to hemoglobin digestion in the intestines.
- Melena indicates at least 50 ml of blood loss.
Lower GI Bleeding
- Originates in colon, rectum, or anus (e.g., diverticulosis, hemorrhoids, anal fissure, malignancy)
- Screening involves hematochezia (fresh, bloody stool)
- Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is also used.
- Stool DNA testing can detect abnormal DNA linked to colorectal cancers or precancerous polyps (e.g., mutations in KRAS or TP53 genes).
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