Gastrointestinal Assessments and Procedures Quiz

Study Notes

Gastrointestinal Assessments and Procedures

Abdominal assessment includes Inspection, Auscultation, Palpation, and Percussion (IAPP).
Nasogastric (NG) tube use requires verifying orders, gathering supplies, and inspecting nares; verify placement via X-ray.
Positioning for NG tube: High Fowler's; placement checks needed every 4 hours; perform oral care every 4-8 hours.
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) assesses upper GI conditions; NPO for 8-10 hours pre-op; check for gag reflex post-procedure.
Colonoscopy screens for colon cancer; bowel preparation should avoid blood thinners.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Symptoms include heartburn, dysphagia, atypical chest pain; risk factors involve alcohol consumption.
Treatment options: Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs), antacids, H2 receptor antagonists; surgery like Nissen Fundoplication may be needed.

Gastrointestinal Conditions

Gastroenteritis often results from food poisoning leading to nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration.
Colon cancer prevention emphasizes high fiber vegetable intake such as broccoli and cauliflower.
Upper GI bleeding presents as black, tarry stools; fresh red vomiting indicates recent bleeding.
Lower GI bleeding manifests as bright red stools; coffee ground vomit indicates older bleeding.

Bowel Disorders

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) symptoms: diarrhea or constipation, LLQ abdominal pain; potential complications include dehydration and small bowel obstruction.
Crohn's Disease features cobblestone appearance, patchy inflammation throughout the GI tract; no cure available, risk includes fistulas.
Ulcerative Colitis starts in the rectum, characterized by frequent bloody diarrhea; potential cure through surgical resection.

Diverticulitis and Diverticulosis

Diverticulitis presents with LLQ pain and bowel movement changes; diagnosis via colonoscopy or CT scan; treated with antibiotics and hydration.
Diverticulosis involves the presence of pouches; education should include avoiding seeds.

Hepatitis Types

Symptoms of viral hepatitis include abdominal pain, jaundice, and clay-colored stools; hepatic encephalopathy may occur in severe liver failure.
Hepatitis A transmission is oral/fecal; Hepatitis B is blood-borne with vaccinations available; Hepatitis C lacks a vaccine.
Treatment regimen for Hepatitis C includes antivirals like Ribavirin.

Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis necessitates patient positioning for comfort; NPO status enforced with IV fluids and pain management.
Chronic pancreatitis management requires avoiding alcohol/caffeine and supplemental pancreatic enzymes.

Musculoskeletal Conditions

Osteosarcoma exhibits pain that worsens with motion; diagnosis confirmed through bone biopsy.
Muscular dystrophy requires fall precautions and glucocorticoid therapy.
Fractures are managed with RICE protocol: Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate; check circulation, movement, and sensation (CMS).

Traction and Complications

Skeletal traction uses surgical screws for weight; Bucks traction applies skin traction to alleviate muscle spasm.
Compartment Syndrome is characterized by increasing swelling post-fracture; early signs include edema, late signs involve pulselessness.

Bone Disorders and Assessment

Osteoarthritis risk factors include obesity; osteoporosis indicates problems with calcium and vitamin D absorption.
Diagnosis of scoliosis and kyphosis through imaging studies; treatments may vary but generally involve physical therapy.

Mobility and Phantom Limb Management

Amputee care focuses on psychosocial support; phantom limb pain treated with anticonvulsants like gabapentin.
Disabilities lead to risks such as pressure ulcers, DVTs, and constipation in immobile patients.

Cane Use and Nerve Disorders

Proper cane use involves COAL (Cane on the Opposite Affected Leg); nurses should support patients on the affected side.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome diagnostic tests include Phalen’s Test and Tinel's Sign for nerve assessment.

Description

Test your knowledge on gastrointestinal assessments and procedures, including abdominal assessments, NG tube placement, and EGD. Delve into GERD symptoms and treatments, as well as common gastrointestinal conditions like gastroenteritis. Perfect for nursing and medical students preparing for clinical practice.