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Questions and Answers
What are the physical assessment components of the mouth in gastrointestinal assessment?
What are the physical assessment components of the mouth in gastrointestinal assessment?
Moist or dry, presence of gingivitis or inflammation of tonsils, number of teeth (32), presence of dentures, gag reflex, taste sensation, odor.
What does auscultation precede in the abdominal examination?
What does auscultation precede in the abdominal examination?
Percussion and palpation
In case of abdominal pain, the area where there is pain should be palpated _____ in the examination sequence.
In case of abdominal pain, the area where there is pain should be palpated _____ in the examination sequence.
last
What is assessed during the abdominal examination of a pregnant client?
What is assessed during the abdominal examination of a pregnant client?
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Which of the following are normal bowel sounds? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are normal bowel sounds? (Select all that apply)
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A bowel sound is considered hyperactive if there are 5-6 sounds in less than 30 seconds.
A bowel sound is considered hyperactive if there are 5-6 sounds in less than 30 seconds.
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What is a fecalysis used to examine?
What is a fecalysis used to examine?
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What is not allowed before an occult blood testing?
What is not allowed before an occult blood testing?
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What contrasts are usually used in an upper GI study?
What contrasts are usually used in an upper GI study?
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During a lower GI study, patients must follow a clear liquid diet and have a _____ prior to the test.
During a lower GI study, patients must follow a clear liquid diet and have a _____ prior to the test.
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How long should a patient be NPO before gastric analysis?
How long should a patient be NPO before gastric analysis?
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Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) allows for visualization of the upper GI tract.
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) allows for visualization of the upper GI tract.
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Study Notes
Gastrointestinal Assessment (Physical Assessment)
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Mouth: Assess moisture, presence of gingivitis, inflammation of tonsils, number of teeth, dentures, gag reflex, swallowing abilities, and taste sensation.
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Esophagus: Assess for difficulty swallowing and gag reflex.
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Abdomen:
- Inspection: Observe the abdomen for any abnormalities.
- Auscultation: Listen for bowel sounds in all four quadrants, starting with the right lower quadrant to follow the colon's anatomy. Bowel sounds should be present and audible within 5-20 seconds in each quadrant.
- Percussion: Percuss the abdomen to assess for tympany, which may indicate excess air.
- Palpation: Palpate areas of pain last to avoid discomfort for the patient.
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Anus: Assess for bleeding, hemorrhoids, fissures, cracks, and abscesses.
Assessing Bowel Sounds
- Listen for bowel sounds in all four quadrants, starting with the right lower quadrant.
- If no sounds are heard, wait for up to 5 minutes in that quadrant before proceeding to other quadrants.
- Normal Bowel Sounds: Clicks, gurgles, borborygmi
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Bowel Sound Variations:
- Normal: Sounds heard within 5-20 seconds in all four quadrants.
- Hypoactive: 1 to 2 sounds in 2 minutes.
- Hyperactive: 5-6 sounds in less than 30 seconds
- Absent: No sound heard in 3-5 minutes.
Laboratory Procedures
- Fecalysis: Examination of stool consistency, color, presence of occult blood, and any physical abnormalities. It can also be used for special tests, such as those for identifying fat, nitrogen, parasites, ova, pathogens, etc.
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Occult Blood Testing:
- A screening test used to detect colonic cancer.
- Instruct patients to follow a 3-day meatless diet and avoid NSAIDs, aspirin, and anticoagulants prior to testing.
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Upper GI Study: Barium Swallow
- Examines the upper gastrointestinal tract using barium sulfate as a contrast medium.
- Pre-Test: Patients must be NPO (nothing by mouth) post-midnight and consent must be obtained.
- Post-Test: Laxatives are ordered, increased fluid intake is recommended, and patients must be informed that stools will turn white. Monitoring for obstruction is crucial.
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Lower GI Study: Barium Enema
- Examines the lower GI tract.
- Pre-Test: Patients should follow a clear liquid diet and receive laxatives to evacuate the bowel. They should also be NPO post-midnight and receive a cleansing enema before the test.
- Post-Test: Laxatives are ordered, increased fluid intake is recommended, and patients should be informed that stools will turn white. Monitoring for obstruction is crucial.
Gastric Analysis
- Involves aspiration of gastric juice to assess pH, appearance, volume, and contents.
- Pre-Test: Patients must be NPO for 8 hours and avoid stimulants, drugs, and smoking.
- Post-Test: Avoid gas-forming foods and beverages.
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
- Visualization of the upper GI tract using an endoscope.
- Pre-Test: Obtain consent and ensure the patient is NPO for 8 hours. Pre-medications like atropine and anxiolytics may be administered.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the physical assessment of the gastrointestinal system. This quiz covers the assessment of the mouth, esophagus, abdomen, and anus, including techniques like inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation. Refresh your understanding of normal and abnormal findings during a gastrointestinal evaluation.
