Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Quiz

GERD = Chronic reflux of GI contents into the esophagus Hiatal Hernia = Stomach herniation into the esophagus and diaphragm Dysphagia = Difficulty in swallowing Motility problems = Abnormal movement of food through the digestive system

Heartburn = GERD Angina-like chest pain = Hiatal Hernia Esophageal irritation = GERD Respiratory symptoms = Hiatal Hernia

Endoscopy = Visual examination of the esophagus and stomach Mucosal Biopsy = Examination of esophageal tissue for inflammation Barium Swallow (UGI) = Imaging of the esophagus and stomach Esophageal pH monitoring = Measurement of acid levels in the esophagus

Diet: low fat, high fiber, high H2O concentration = Reduce acid production and improve digestion Stop smoking = Reduce inflammation and improve esophageal function Maintain healthy weight = Reduce pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter Elevate HOB = Prevent acid reflux during sleep

Paraesophageal = Type of hiatal hernia where the stomach bulges into the chest Sliding = Type of hiatal hernia where the stomach slides into the chest Stricture = Narrowing of the esophagus due to inflammation Metaplasia = Abnormal change in esophageal tissue

Esophagitis = GERD Esophageal scarring and strictures = GERD Airway inflammation, aspiration, scarring = GERD Ulcers and hemorrhage = Hiatal Hernia

Antacids = Neutralize stomach acid H2 antagonists = Reduce acid production PPI = Block acid production in the stomach Protonix/Prilosec/Nexium = Block acid production in the stomach

Anginal-like chest pain = Chest pain similar to angina but not related to cardiac conditions Dyspepsia = Indigestion or discomfort in the upper abdomen Regurgitation = Flow of stomach contents back into the esophagus Pyrosis = Heartburn or a burning sensation in the chest

Gastropexy = Hernia repair Fundoplication = Peptic ulcer disease treatment Herniotomy = Gastric disorder surgery Herniorrhaphy = Inguinal hernia repair

N/V = Bowel obstruction symptom Pain = Peptic ulcer disease symptom Abdominal distension = Gastric disorder symptom Flatus = Gastric disorder symptom

Abdominal x-rays = Initial diagnostic imaging for bowel obstruction CT scan = Diagnosing bowel obstruction or perforation Sigmoidoscopy = Diagnosing bowel obstruction or cancer Contrast oral/enema = Diagnosing bowel obstruction or perforation

BM facilitation or disimpaction = Removing physical blocks in bowel obstruction Polyp or tumor removal = Removing physical blocks in bowel obstruction Surgical repair = Repairing anatomical blockages in bowel obstruction Steroids = Reducing inflammation in bowel obstruction

Peptic ulcer disease = Perforation or hemorrhage Bowel obstruction = Atelectasis or malnutrition Gastric disorder = Hypovolemia or peritonitis H. Pylori infection = Peptic ulcer disease or gastric cancer

Gum = Stimulating bowel motility Steroids = Reducing inflammation in bowel obstruction Surgical resection = Treating bowel obstruction or cancer Antacids = Reducing gastric acid secretion

Stomach-duodenum juncture = Peptic ulcer disease location Distal esophagus = Gastroesophageal reflux disease location Proximal duodenum = Peptic ulcer disease location Small intestine = Bowel obstruction common location

Stress = Peptic ulcer disease etiology H. Pylori infection = Peptic ulcer disease etiology NSAIDs = Peptic ulcer disease etiology Volvulus = Bowel obstruction etiology

Portal Hypertension = Increased serum bilirubin due to inability to convert bilirubin to bile Ascites = Fluid pooling in peritoneal space due to increased vascular permeability and fluid/protein shifts from vasculature Jaundice = Characterized by increased portal pressure, splenomegaly, and large collateral veins Hepatic Encephalopathy = Leakage of protein and fluid into the peritoneal space due to portal hypertension

Alcoholic Cirrhosis = Genetics Viral Cirrhosis = Drugs and toxins Autoimmune Cirrhosis = Alcohol Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease = Viral infection

Anorexia and dyspepsia = Increased portal hypertension RUQ and epigastric pain = Inability to convert bilirubin to bile Edema and fever = Altered metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly = Liver's inability to breakdown urea

Esophageal Varices = Increased risk of upper GI bleeding Ascites = Systemic hypertension Hepatic Encephalopathy = Abdominal distention and dyspnea Jaundice = Brain cell toxicity

Fibrotic tissue = Regenerative tissue that replaces normal liver tissue Vascular restructuring = Alternative pathways created to facilitate blood flow Portal hypertension = Increased pressure in the portal vein Hepatorenal syndrome = Renal failure secondary to liver disease

Jaundice = Inability to convert bilirubin to bile Hepatomegaly = Increased portal hypertension Ascites = Increased vascular permeability Hepatic Encephalopathy = Altered metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Portal Hypertension = Thickening of the hepatic artery and portal vein Esophageal Varices = Increase in collateral vascular pathways Hepatic Encephalopathy = Decreased regenerative properties of liver tissue Ascites = Inflammation of liver cells

Collateral vascular pathways = Increased risk of esophageal varices Hepatomegaly = Increased risk of liver cancer Portal Hypertension = Increased risk of ascites Fibrotic tissue = Increased risk of liver failure

Anorexia and dyspepsia = Increased portal hypertension Jaundice = Inability to convert bilirubin to bile Hepatomegaly = Liver's inability to breakdown urea Ascites = Altered metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Esophageal Varices = Increased risk of upper GI bleeding Ascites = Increased risk of GI bleeding Hepatic Encephalopathy = Increased risk of GI motility disorders Portal Hypertension = Increased risk of GI tract obstruction

Duodenal Ulcers = Pain relieved with food, epigastric burning, N/V Gastric Ulcers = Pain 1-2 hours after meals, burning, gassy, epigastric pressure Ulcerative Colitis = Loose stools with blood and mucus, malabsorption Crohn's Disease = Nonspecific complaints: diarrhea, constipation, abd pain, fatigue

Crohn's Disease = Increased immune sensitivities to intestinal flora, epithelial dysfunction, epigenetics Ulcerative Colitis = Unknown, but believed to be related to increased immune sensitivities to intestinal flora, epithelial dysfunction, epigenetics Irritable Bowel Syndrome = Brain-gut disorder, increased incidence with stress, anxiety, depression Diverticulitis = Chronic low fiber diet, believed to cause diverticulosis

Sigmoidoscopy and/or colonoscopy = Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopy with biopsy = Crohn's Disease Upper GI barium studies = Crohn's Disease Stool cultures = Gastric Ulcers

Corticosteroids = Control inflammation in Ulcerative Colitis Antibiotics = Combat infection in Crohn's Disease Antidiarrheal drugs = Symptomatic relief in Ulcerative Colitis Lomotil = Symptomatic relief in IBS

Colectomy partial or total with or without ostomy placement = Ulcerative Colitis Small bowel resection and ileocecal resection = Crohn's Disease Total Colectomy with a Continent (Kock's) Ileostomy = Ulcerative Colitis Stricturoplasty = Crohn's Disease

Strictures and obstruction from scar tissue = Crohn's Disease Fistulas = Crohn's Disease Perforation = Gastric Ulcers Toxic megacolon = Ulcerative Colitis

Low residue, roughage, controlled fat; calorie dense and high protein = Crohn's Disease Eliminate gas-producing and spicy foods = Ulcerative Colitis Elemental and parenteral = Crohn's Disease Low fiber, high protein, high calorie diet = Ulcerative Colitis

Liver biopsy = Gold standard for liver disease diagnosis Abd X-ray/CT scan = Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, ascites MRI = Mass U/S = Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, ascites, stone, biliary duct obstruction

Crohn's Disease = Age, gender, family history Ulcerative Colitis = Age, family history Diverticulitis = Age, gender, low fiber diet Irritable Bowel Syndrome = Stress, anxiety, depression

Nonspecific complaints: diarrhea, constipation, abd pain, fatigue = Crohn's Disease Abd distention, rebound tenderness = Diverticulitis Loose stools with blood and mucus = Ulcerative Colitis Intermittent LLQ pain, constipation = Diverticulosis