Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

What is the primary cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with GERD?

Which factor contributes to the development of GERD symptoms by allowing acid to flow back into the esophagus?

What is the relationship between the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and GERD severity?

What are the typical symptoms of GERD that all patients will experience?

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

GERD is caused by stomach contents entering the esophagus due to the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
The flow of chyme from the stomach into the esophagus leads to inflammation, resulting in reflux esophagitis.
GERD is commonly caused by an incompetent LES, hiatal hernia, gastroparesis, and obesity.
The LES is crucial in preventing GERD symptoms.
A weakened LES allows acid to flow from the stomach into the esophagus, resulting in a burning sensation.
The weaker the LES tone, the more severe the reflux.
The LES is not a true anatomical sphincter, but consists of smooth muscles in the distal esophagus that close and open during swallowing.
Repeated opening of the LES over time allows stomach contents to enter the esophagus, leading to burning sensations.
In GERD, the LES is never fully closed.
Typical Symptoms of GERD:
- Heartburn: a burning sensation in the chest, often occurring after eating or at night, worse when lying down or bending over.
- Regurgitation: sour or bitter-tasting fluid backing up into the throat or mouth.
- Dysphagia: difficulty swallowing.

This quiz explores Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), focusing on its causes, symptoms, and the role of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Test your knowledge on how GERD affects the esophagus and the factors that contribute to its development. Discover essential information regarding heartburn and related symptoms.