Gastritis Bilimiga Turniq

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Questions and Answers

Hayvonlarda ichak og'rig'i qanday kasalliklar bilan bog'liq bo'lishi mumkin?

  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Yurak yetishmovchiligi
  • Surunkali bronxit
  • Gastrit va gepatit (correct)

Palpasiya qilinganda katta hayvonlar rektal tekshirishda ichaklar og'riqli bo'lmaydi.

False (B)

Kasal hayvon qanday sharoitda saqlanishi tavsiya etiladi?

Alohida joyga ajratilib, yarim och holda saqlanishi tavsiya etiladi.

Natriy yoki magniy sulfat qoramollarga ____ g ichiriladi.

<p>400-800</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mos ravishda davolash usullarini juftlashtiring:

<p>Diatermiya = Issiq kompress Sollyuks lampalari = Yordamlashuvchi davolash Natriy xlorid = Venaga yuboriladigan eritma Kaliy permanganat = Klizma qilish uchun</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gastroenterit kasalligi qaysi organlarga ta'sir qiladi?

<p>Me'da va ingichka ichak (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oshqozon yarasi sabablari odamlar uchun ham bir xil ta'sirlar keltirib chiqaradi.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Me'da va ichaklar devorining barcha qavatlari yallig'langanda qanday kasallik sababi aytiladi?

<p>Gastroenterit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hayvonlarni optimal oziqlantirish rejimi ______ qilinadi.

<p>joriy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kutilayotgan gastroenterit juda og'ir o'tishi mumkin. Bu qaysi fanda tasvir qilinadi?

<p>Yallig'lanish (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oziqlantirish rejimlari va ularning ta'siri;

<p>Alimentar intoksikatsiya = Oziq-ovqat orqali to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ta'sir Endokrin sabablar = Gormonal disbalanslar Defisitli sabablar = Vitaminlar va biologik moddalarning yetishmasligi Intoksikatsiya = Toksinlarning oshqozon-ichak kanaliga ta'siri</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oshqozon tipidagi dispepsiyaning asosiy belgilari qaysilaridir?

<p>Ishtahani pasayishi va o'zgarishi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gemorragik gastritda prognoz odatda yaxshi bo'ladi.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gastrit paytida og'iz shilliq pardasi qanday holatda bo'ladi?

<p>Quruqlashgan va quyuq shilimshiq bilan qoplangan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gastrit kasalligi bir ______ va bir ______ turadi.

<p>pasayib, kuchayib</p> Signup and view all the answers

O'tkir gastrit og'ir kechganda oshqozon qanday eritmalar bilan yuviladi?

<p>Natriy gidrokarbonat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mos keluvchi ovqatlarni juftlab qo'ying:

<p>Cho'chqalarga = Qaynatilgan kartoshka Otlarga = Sifatli o'tlar Go'shtxur hayvonlarga = Suyuq bo'tqa Oshqozonni ta'sirlantirmaydigan ovqatlar = Sabzi</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oshqozon tipidagi dispepsiya ich kotishi va ich qotishi bilan almashinadi.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gastrit davolashida qanday oziqalar beriladi?

<p>Yengil hazmlanuvchi va oshqozonni ta'sirlantirmaydigan oziqalar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gastroenteritning sabablari qaysilardan iborat emas?

<p>Hisob-kitoblarni tezligini oshirish (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gastroenterit asosan yosh hayvonlarda kuzatiladi.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Surunkali gastroenterit qanday hayvonlarda ko'proq uchraydi?

<p>Keksa va arriq hayvonlarda</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oshqozon va ichaklarning yallig'lanishi ba'zi ____________ noto'g'ri qo'llash oqibatida kelib chiqadi.

<p>dorilar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gastroenterit bilan bog'liq faktorlarni moslang:

<p>Autoimmun o'zgarishlar = Immunodefisitlik Dispepsiya = Oziqa konservantlari Mineral zaharlar = O'simliklardan zaharlanish Gomeostaz = Yallig'lanish jarayoni</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gastroenterit paytida ichakka qanday oqsillar tushadi?

<p>Gidrolizlanmagan oqsillar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gastroenteritning rivojlanishi avvalgi kasalliklar bilan bog'liq emas.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gastroenteral tizimdagi asosiy funksional buzilishni nima tashkil etadi?

<p>Me'da shilliq pardasining kislota ajratish faoliyatining pasayishi</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hayvonda shalpayish, bezovtalanish va ichaklarda spastik og'riqlar paydo bo'lishiga qanday omil ta'sir etadi?

<p>Etiologik omillar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gastroenteritda hayvonlarda ishtaha va kavsh qaytarish kuchayadi.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gastroenteritning tipik belgisini yozing.

<p>ich ketishi</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hayvonlarning o'limi ko'payganda tana harorati 1-1,5^°^C ga __________.

<p>ko'tariladi</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kasallik belgilarini ularning ta'riflari bilan moslashtiring:

<p>Shalpayish = Hayvonning harakatlarining susayishi Ich ketishi = Ovqat massasi suyuq va qonli bo'lishi Yurak tezligi oshishi = Yurak turtkisi tezlashuvi Chaqaloq og'rig'i = Oshqozon va ichaklarda og'riq</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gastroenteritda qondagi qanday o'zgarish kuzatiladi?

<p>Shaklili elementlar miqdori oshadi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kasallik ta'sirida hayvonlar ko'proq e'tiborsizlik qayd etadi.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gastroenteritdagi patologoanatomik o'zgarishlarni aytib bering.

<p>Murdu ariq, ko'zlari cho'kkan, oshqozon va ichaklarda yallig'lanishlar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ximus kislotaligining pastligi qanday muammolarga olib kelishi mumkin?

<p>Intoksikasiya va moddalar almashinuvidagi o'zgarishlar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gastroenterit holatida ishtahaning oshishi kuzatiladi.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ichak shilliq pardasidagi o'zgarishlar oqibatida qanday muammo yuzaga kelishi mumkin?

<p>Ichak devori baryerlik qobiliyatining susayishi</p> Signup and view all the answers

Xususiy to'qimalarda yosh hayvonlarida __________ kuzatiladi.

<p>gipoglikemiya</p> Signup and view all the answers

Belgilangan simptomlarni kasallik turlari bilan moslang:

<p>Kataral gastrit = Tez qizishi, chanqoq Gemorrajik gastrit = Tezakda qon aralashishi Eroziyali-yarali gastrit = Xavfli mushak og'rig'i Gastroenterit = Oziqa qoldiqlari bilan to'lgan tezak</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ichak peristaltikasi kuchayishi bilan nimalar kuzatiladi?

<p>Tezak miqdori ko'payadi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diareya paytida tezak suvsimon va och-sariq rangda bo'ladi.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hayvonlarning bezovtaligi va isitish asboblari atrofiga to'planishi qanday kasallikni ko'rsatadi?

<p>Gastroenterit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chronic Gastritis Symptoms

Chronic gastritis shows various clinical signs, primarily characterized by gastric dyspepsia (decreased/changed appetite, vomiting, worsening with disease, intermittent stomach pain, spasmodic pain during sphincter spasms, undigested fiber in horse feces, connective/muscle tissue in carnivore feces), along with intermittent diarrhea or constipation, decreased digestion.

Gastric Dyspepsia

A symptom complex including decreased or altered appetite, vomiting, disease worsening, intermittent stomach pain, and spasms causing pain, depending on the type of animal and its feed.

Chronic Gastritis Progression

Chronic gastritis can last for months or years, fluctuating in severity. Initial mild cases may progress to more severe inflammation or spread to intestines if not properly addressed.

Acute Gastritis Prognosis

Acute catarrhal gastritis has a good prognosis, whereas hemorrhagic gastritis can have a poor or unfavorable outcome.

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Gastritis Treatment (Initial)

Treatment focuses on eliminating the cause of gastritis. Initially, affected animals are fasted (vary in duration depending on species).

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Gastritis Diet (Subsequent)

In the subsequent treatment phase, feedings begin with soft, easily digested foods. Feeding schedules are more frequent but in smaller quantities.

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Gastritis Fluid Therapy

For serious cases of acute gastritis, the stomach can be irrigated with lukewarm solutions of sodium bicarbonate (1-2%), sodium chloride (1%), or, in horses, with ichthyol (0.5%).

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Species-Specific Gastritis Diets

Specific feeding is tailored to the species: hogs with gruels, carrots, etc; horses with bran/meal mixtures, quality hay etc,; and carnivores with milk, meat broths, and soft food.

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Profilaktikasi

Oshqozon yarasi va stress sabablarini bartaraf qilish va hayvonlarning yoshini e'tiborga olgan holda optimal oziqlantirishni ta'minlash.

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Gastroenterit

Me'da va ingichka ichaklarning yallig'lanishi, asosan o'tkir, ovqat hazm qilish buzilishlari va immunitet reaktsiyasi bilan xarakterlanadi.

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Gastroenterit sabablari

Dispepsiya, me'da yallig'lanishi, ekssudativ va alterativ jarayonlar, oziq-ovqat yetishmovchiliklari, intoksikasiya, endokrin buzilishlar va allergiya.

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Yosh hayvonlarda gastroenterit

Yosh hayvonlardagi gastroenterit dispepsiya, oziqlantirishdagi xatolar, intoksikasiya va immunitet tizimining yetishmovchiligi bilan bog'liq bo'lishi mumkin.

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Optimal oziqlantirish

Hayvonning yoshiga moslashtirilgan va to'g'ri oziqlanish rejimi, oshqozon yarasini va boshqa kasalliklarning oldini olish uchun.

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Cho'chqa oziqlantirish

Cho'chqalar uchun mo'ljallangan omixta yemlar tarkibidagi makkajo'xori miqdori 30-40% dan oshmasligi lozim.

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Dispepsiya

Oshqozon-ichak tizimining ishida yuz beradigan buzilishlar, asosan ovqatlantirish xatolari tufayli.

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Allergiya

Organizmning oziq-ovqat va boshqa moddalarga bergan reaksiyasi.

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Yosh hayvonlardagi gastroenterit sabablari

Hazm a'zolaridagi autoimmun o'zgarishlar, onaning suti tarkibidagi antigenlarga nisbatan autoantitellar, immunitet yetishmovchiligi, noto'g'ri oziqlantirish (omixta yemlar, aralashmalar, qo'shimcha oziqalar va oziq konservantlari), go'sht-sut sanoati, qand, spirt, baliq, konserva, yog'-ekstraksiyalash va boshqa sanoat chiqindilarini noto'g'ri berish qoidalari kiradi.

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Surunkali gastroenterit sabablari

Uzoq muddatli va takroriy xarakterdagi hazm kanali shilliq pardasiga ta'sir qiluvchi etiologik omillar (masalan, noto'g'ri ovqatlanish, zararli moddalar ta'siri)

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Me'da shilliq pardasining kislotalilik funksiyasi pasayishi

Me'dada kislota ajratish qobiliyatining pasayishi.

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Kataral yallig'lanish

Me'da va ichaklarda sekretor-fermentativ va so'rilish jarayonlarida unchalik sezilarli o'zgarishlar bo'lmagan paytda paydo bo'ladigan yallig'lanish

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Oshqozon va ichaklarning yallig'lanishlari

Oshqozon va ichaklarning yallig'lanishlari turli sabablarga ko'ra kelib chiqishi mumkin.

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Disbakterioz

Ichakdagi foydali va zararli bakteriyalar muvozanatining buzilishi

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Autointoksikasiya

Organizmda o'z moddalarining zaharli ta'siri

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Gastroenteral tizim

Oshqozon va ichak tizimi.Bu tizimning bir qismi bo'lmagan organlar oshqozon-ichak yallig'lanishiga duch kelganda gastroenteral tizimga kiradi.

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Oshqozon-ichak muammosi

O'tkir yoki surunkali gastrointestinal kasalliklar, shu jumladan, me'da va ichaklarning yallig'lanishi, buzilishlari, intoksikasiya va suvsizlanish.

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Oshqozon osti bezi faoliyati susayishi

Oshqozon osti bezi tashqi sekretor faoliyatining susayish, hazm jarayonlarini buzishga olib keladi.

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Disbakterioz

Ichak mikrofloraning buzilishi, chirish va bijg'ish jarayonlari bilan o'tadigan kasallik.

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Intosikasiya

Zaharlanish; zaharli moddalar tutilganda paydo bo'ladigan kasallik holati.

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Suvsizlanish (degidratasiya)

Suvning organizmdan ko'p miqdorda yo'qotilishi, kislota-ishqor muvozanatini buzadi.

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Diareya

Suyultirilgan, tez-tez ajralishdagi tezak.

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Gipoglikemiya

Yosh hayvonlarda qonda shakar miqdori kamayishi.

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Enterit

Ichak shilliq qavatining yallig'lanishi.

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Hayvonlarda shalpayish

Hayvonlarda kuchli etiologik omillar ta'sirida chalqash, bezovtalanish va ichaklarda spastik og'riqlar paydo bo'lishi.

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Tana harorati oshishi

Kasallikning natijasi sifatida hayvon tanasi harorati 1-1,5 °C ga ko'tariladi.

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Muskul qaltirashi

Kasallikning belgilari orasida muskullarning fibrilyar qaltirashi mavjud.

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Ishtaha yo'qotish

Hayvonlarda oshqozon-ichak kasalliklarida ishtahaning yo'qolishi kuzatiladi.

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Ruminasiya

Kasallikning kuchayishi bilan ruminasiya (ishonchsiz qaytish) yo'qolib boradi.

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Ich ketish

Gastroenteritning tipik belgisi - ich ketishi hisoblanadi.

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Qonda elementlar miqdori oshishi

Kasallik paytida hayvon qonidagi shaklili va hamma turdagi elementlar miqdori ko'payishi mumkin.

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Patologo-anatomik o'zgarishlar

Hayvon murdasida uchraydigan oshqozon-ichak tizimidagi yallig'lanish belgilarining ko'rinishi.

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Hayvonlarda ichak yallig'lanishi

Hayvonlarda ichaklar yallig'langanida ichaklar og'riqli bo'ladi.Kasallikning davomiyligi 7-15 kundan iborat.

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Ishqoriy muhitdagi enterit

Enteritning bir turi bo'lib, og'zakdan kalomel yoki o'simlik yog'i qabul qilinadi.

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Surgi dorilar

Hayvonlarga suv bilan beriladigan dori.

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Antibiotiklar

Salol, ftalazol, etazol, sulfadimetoksin, biomisin va sintomisin singari antimikrob ta'sir etishga ega preparatlar.

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Surunkali ichak yallig'lanishining davolash usullari

Naperstyanka, strofantin, kofein preparatlari, glyukoza, natriy gidrokarbonat va natriy xlorid eritmalarini vena ichiga yuborish.

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Study Notes

Gastritis (Gastitis)

  • Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining and its wall.
  • Types are categorized by origin (primary or secondary), course (acute or chronic), injury type (exudative or alternative), inflammation type (purulent, catarrhal, hemorrhagic, fibrinous, purulent), and location (superficial or deep, focal or diffuse).
  • Alternative inflammation can lead to erosions and ulcers.
  • Functional characteristics are classified by secretion level (normal, hyperacid, subacid, achlorhydria).
  • Gastritis is categorized by morphology as atrophic or hypertrophic.
  • Common in pigs, horses and other farm animals, often affecting young animals.
  • Frequent in intensive pig farming practices involving early, dry feed.
  • Associated with various factors: poor quality feed (rotten, moldy, contaminated, fermented), improper feed based on age, presence of toxins or plants, unbalanced feed (proteins, vitamins, minerals).
  • Other factors include unbalanced feeding schedules, feeding hot or cold food, irritating or spicy food, improper processing of animal feed (meat, fish, milk, oils).
  • Conditions like contamination, high moisture, drafts, and heat stress are secondary contributing factors.
  • Prolonged and strong stress can disrupt stomach's secretory and evacuative functions.
  • Associated with other medical conditions (mouth/teeth issues, oesophagus, pancreas, liver and other organs/systems).
  • Caused by viruses (swine flu, Aujeszky disease, viral gastroenteritis), bacteria (pasteurellosis, swine dysentery, bacterial infections), and parasites (toxoplasmosis, stomach worms).
  • Autoimmune conditions and allergic reactions can also contribute.

Development

  • Pathogenesis is influenced by factors like etiology, severity, duration, breed, age, and individual animal characteristics.
  • Stomach acid and pepsin secretion imbalances occur.
  • Hyperacidity, hyposensitivity and subacidity can occur.
  • Early stages often show hyperacidity increased stomach acid production.
  • Subacid secretion is due to disorder of regulation mechanisms.
  • This condition is associated with the inflammatory process, but not always with high acid levels, sometimes its level is normal or even reduced.

Clinical Signs

  • Signs vary depending on the inflammation's intensity, type, and involvement of the stomach and duodenum.
  • Acute condition may have variable symptoms if the inflammation is mild; if severe, acute inflammation shows marked symptoms such as loss of appetite, lethargy, vomiting, diarrhoea (watery or with undigested feed components).
  • Other possible symptoms include fever, loss of appetite that gradually worsens, vomiting (especially after eating, regardless of food intake), vomiting (with significant saliva, mucus, and food).
  • In cases without vomiting, symptoms in puppies and dogs may include abdominal pain, stomach hypotonicity or pyloric spasm, and a palpable, tender stomach.
  • Characteristic symptoms in horses include restlessness, head tossing, stretching of neck, looking at abdomen, and pain episodes in the stomach area during pyloric spasm.

Diagnosis

  • Diagnosis relies on observation of symptoms and lab tests (stomach lavage, analysis of vomit/faeces) and histological examination.

Treatment

  • Removal of causative agents like stress
  • Refeed with suitable feed according to animal age.
  • Semi-starvation diet for a short period (one day for adults, 6-8 hours for piglets and puppies).
  • Introduction of soft, easily digestible food gradually.
  • Food such as vegetables, boiled vegetables, soft porridges and pulp.
  • Treatment in more complex cases may include nutritional support, antacids, anti-inflammatories, pain relievers, antibiotics (based on the cause). Specific drugs like magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate or bentonite can be administered.
  • IV glucose, sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride solutions as effective anti-toxins
  • Other medications are used based on the cause and type of gastritis.

Prognosis

  • Acute catarrhal gastritis generally shows favourable outcome.
  • Potential for poor outcome with haemorrhagic cases (depending on cause and severity).
  • Severe inflammatory processes and complications may result in chronic diseases.

Prevention

  • Proper animal husbandry and feeding practices.
  • Avoid feeding animals poor quality, hot, or cold food.
  • Feed according to age and breed.
  • Inspect animals for signs of disease and treat early.
  • Feed animals a balanced diet rich in proteins, minerals and vitamins.

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