Gastric Motility and Innervation

Which part of the brain regulates the activity of the stomach?

Which nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the stomach?

What is the main function of the fundus in the stomach?

What is the name of the nerve that arises from T1-L2 levels and provides sympathetic innervation to the stomach?

Which of the following stimuli activates the sympathetic pathway, leading to inhibition of peristaltism and acid secretion?

What is the sequence of stages involved in the mixing of food with gastric secretions in the stomach?

What is the primary function of the ileocecal valve?

What type of movement is responsible for propelling food through the small intestine in an anterograde direction?

What is the primary function of segmentation contractions in the small intestine?

Which hormone regulates the migrating motor complex during fasting?

What is the effect of gastrin on the ileocecal valve?

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system in regulating intestinal motility?

What is the primary stimulant for Austrae contractions in the large intestine?

What is the primary function of the Mass Peristalsis contractions in the large intestine?

What is the main region where Segmentation Contractions occur in the large intestine?

What is the stimulus for the Defecation Reflex?

What is the role of the pelvic splanchnic nerves in the Defecation Reflex?

What is the only conscious part of the Defecation Reflex?

Which of the following stimulates the release of gastrin from G cells in the antrum?

What is the effect of gastrin secretion on pyloric function?

Which of the following inhibits gastric emptying?

What is the primary function of the oral portion of the stomach?

What type of wave is responsible for mixing movements in the stomach?

What is the mechanism by which the duodenum regulates gastric emptying?

Which of the following hormones is released in response to fat-rich chyme?

Which nerve is responsible for transmitting the vagal reflex signal back to the stomach?

What is the function of mucus cells in the stomach?

What is the result of the propulsion wave reaching the pylorus?

What is the term for the process of chyme entering the duodenum?

Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in gastric emptying?

Which of the following cell types are responsible for storing vitamin A in the liver?

What is the mechanism by which Kupffer cells eliminate bacteria from the liver?

What is the result of the liver's protective function in terms of blood purification?

What is the name of the process by which the liver synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?

What is the result of impaired liver regeneration in diseased livers?

What is the consequence of high pressure in the portal vein in cirrhosis?

What is the primary cell responsible for liver regeneration?

What is the term for the process by which the liver regenerates to the size necessary for the individual's hepatic functions?

What is the result of hypersplenism in cirrhosis?

What is the primary function of Disse space in the liver?

What is the name of the phase of liver regeneration characterized by the release of inflammatory cytokines such as TNFalpha and IL-6?

What is the functional unit of the liver?

What is the term for the collection of lymph in the abdomen, high pressure, and accumulation of liquid in the liver?

What is the term for the cells that contain vitamin A in the liver?

What is the term for the unique endothelial lining of the sinusoids in the liver?

Which vitamin is necessary for the synthesis of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X?

Hepatocytes in which zone have more oxygen and can perform more gluconeogenesis?

What is the result of high bilirubin in the blood?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

What is the term for the process of removing toxins and xenobiotics from the body?

What is the normal pressure gradient between the portal and suprahepatic veins in a healthy liver?

What is the result of an increase in liver stiffness due to cirrhosis?

What is the fate of Kupffer cells upon liver damage?

What percentage of the total cardiac output is received by the liver?

What is the consequence of blood flow from the stomach and intestines seeking a path of lesser resistance in portal hypertension?

What is the primary function of the lipoproteins synthesized by the liver?

What is the result of deamination of amino acids in the liver?

What is the function of apo-ferritin in the liver?

What is the primary function of hepatocytes in the liver?

What is the result of the liver's function in de novo lipogenesis?

What is the primary function of macrophages in heme metabolism?

What is the byproduct of the degradation of erythrocytes?

What is the function of the liver in bilirubin metabolism?

What is the result of the transformation of conjugated bilirubin in the intestines?

What is the function of the intestinal microbiome in bilirubin metabolism?

What is the pigment responsible for the yellow color of urine?

What is the fate of most urobilinogen in the body?

What is the result of increased erythrocyte lysis on bilirubin levels?

What is the pigment responsible for the brown color of feces?

What is the primary function of the liver in heme metabolism?