Gastric Cancer and Gastritis

Study Notes

Can develop in any part of the stomach, but most common in the distal third
More common in men between 50-70 years old
Causes: heredity, chronic gastric ulcer, chronic gastritis
Signs and symptoms: gastric distress, flatulence, early satiety, loss of appetite, weight loss
Diagnostic tests: upper-gastrointestinal series (UGIS)
Medical management: gastrectomy, chemotherapy

Inflammatory lesion of the appendix
Caused by occlusion of the lumen due to hardened feces, foreign objects, or kinking
Pathophysiology: edematous small part of the appendix → abscess formation → rupture of appendix → peritonitis
Signs and symptoms: pain on the umbilical area that becomes localized at RLQ, nausea and vomiting, direct tenderness and rebound tenderness in RLQ
Diagnostic tests: obturator sign

Causes: visceral afferent stimulation, CNS disorders, irritation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone
Nursing history:
- General data: dental prosthesis, eating or digesting food, nausea or vomiting, weight loss, pain
- Specific data: situations or events that affect symptoms, onset, possible cause, location, duration, character of symptoms
- Normal pattern of bowel elimination: frequency and character of stool, use of laxatives or enemas

Types: squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma
Risk factors: prolonged exposure to sun, wind, and pipe smoking, tobacco and alcohol use, poor nutritional status, chronic irritation
Signs and symptoms: tongue irritation, loose teeth, pain in the tongue or ear, malignant lesions, leukoplakia
Medical diagnosis and treatment: biopsy, surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, combination of radiation and chemotherapy
Nursing diagnosis:
- Impaired Oral Mucous Membrane
- Ineffective Breathing Pattern
- Pain
- Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Requirements
- Impaired Verbal Communication
- Disturbed Body Image
- Risk for Infection
- Ineffective Tissue Perfusion

Parotitis: viral infection, inflammation of the parotid glands, painful swelling of the salivary glands
Sialadenitis: caused by dehydration, radiation therapy, stress, malnutrition, salivary gland calculi, or improper oral hygiene
Treatment: antibiotics, mouthwashes, warm compresses, surgical drainage or removal may be necessary