Gastric Acid Secretion and Alkaline Tide Physiology
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Questions and Answers

What hormone inhibits the production of acid in parietal cells by reducing cAMP concentrations?

  • Gastrin
  • Histamine
  • Acetylcholine
  • Somatostatin (correct)

    • Which cells are the most potent regulators of parietal cell secretions?

  • ECL cells (correct)
  • G cells
  • Chief cells
  • Somatostatin-secreting cells

    • What is the primary cause of most ulcers, specifically 90% in the duodenum and 70% in the stomach?

  • Overstimulation of chief cells
  • Parietal cell hyperactivity
  • Excessive acid production
  • Helicobacter pylori infection (correct)

    • Which of the following drugs inhibits the production of acid by parietal cells?

    <p>Omeprazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pepsinogen, released from chief cells, requires what condition to be converted into the active enzyme pepsin?

    <p>Low pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone, when acting together with histamine and gastrin, leads to increased acid releasing rate in parietal cells?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the release of acetylcholine to activate parietal cells in the stomach?

    <p>Distension of the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the parietal cells to produce hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

    <p>Gastrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of G cells in the gastric phase of digestion?

    <p>Release gastrin in response to distension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is salivary secretion regulated?

    <p>By release of acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are stimulated by gastrin to produce hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

    <p>Parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pancreatic response to the gastric phase similar to?

    <p>Cephalic phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is released from S cells in response to highly acidic chyme entering the duodenum?

    <p>Secretin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone enhances acid secretion by parietal cells in response to distension of the duodenum?

    <p>Enterooxyntin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is responsible for inhibiting gastrin release by G cells during the intestinal phase?

    <p>Secretin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the intestinal phase, what stimulates the release of gastrin and enterooxyntin from mechanoreceptors in the duodenum?

    <p>Duodenal distension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells release secretin in response to excess hydrogen ions in the duodenal lumen?

    <p>S cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What regulates salivary secretions during the intestinal phase?

    <p>Autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for stimulating gastrin release from G cells during the cephalic phase of digestion?

    <p>Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of gastrin during the cephalic phase of digestion?

    <p>Stimulate the release of hydrochloric acid (HCl) from parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the vagus nerve during the cephalic phase of digestion?

    <p>Indirectly stimulate the release of gastrin by releasing acetylcholine onto interneurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the low-affinity binding of gastrin to the CCK-1/CCK-alpha receptor on pancreatic acinar cells during the cephalic phase?

    <p>To confuse the acinar cells into releasing low volume, high protein secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating pancreatic secretions during the cephalic phase of digestion?

    <p>The vagus nerve has a weak stimulatory effect, but no single hormone is primarily responsible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the gastrin released during the cephalic phase of digestion?

    <p>Stimulate the release of hydrochloric acid (HCl) from parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process where bile acids are actively absorbed in the ileum and returned to the liver?

    <p>Enterohepatic circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of digestion occurs before the food enters the stomach and involves thinking about food or smelling food?

    <p>Cephalic phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for stimulating chemo- and mechanoreceptors in the mucosa of the duodenum during the intestinal phase of digestion?

    <p>Secretin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does food enter the duodenum and activate chemo- and mechanoreceptors in the mucosa?

    <p>Intestinal phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of most ulcers, particularly 90% in the duodenum and 70% in the stomach?

    <p>Bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone enhances acid secretion by parietal cells in response to distension of the duodenum?

    <p>Cholecystokinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released during the intestinal phase to inhibit gastric acid secretion?

    <p>Somatostatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of secretin during the intestinal phase?

    <p>Increase bicarbonate and enzyme secretion from the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by I cells in the duodenum in response to dietary fats and proteins?

    <p>Cholecystokinin (CCK)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of gastrin during the intestinal phase?

    <p>Inhibit gastric acid secretion in the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by S cells in the duodenum in response to highly acidic chyme?

    <p>Secretin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cholecystokinin (CCK) during the intestinal phase?

    <p>Stimulate the release of bile from the gallbladder and pancreatic enzyme secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

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