Gas Laws Quiz

Principal QN (n) = Describes the SHAPE of the orbital; gives angular momentum of electron Azimuthal/Angular Momentum QN (l) = Indicates the main energy level; describes the SIZE of the orbital Magnetic QN (m) = Describes behavior in magnetic field and orientation in space Spin/Electron QN (s) = Describes the spin about its own axis in clockwise or counter-clockwise direction

Anode = Where a current flows out of (exit); negatively charged electrode Cathode = Where a current flows into (entry); positively charged electrode Electrons = Subatomic particles that carry a negative charge Protons = Subatomic particles that carry a positive charge

Pure Substance = Made up of only one kind of matter with a definite, fixed, and unvarying composition Elements = Simplest form of a substance that cannot be decomposed by chemical means Compounds = Substances formed when two or more elements chemically combine Mixtures = Physical combinations of two or more substances that retain their individual properties

<p>Hydrogen = Most abundant element in the universe Helium = Second most abundant element in the universe Oxygen = Essential for respiration in living organisms Carbon = Key component of life, found in all organic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Current = Flow of electric charge Voltage = Electrical potential difference between two points Resistance = Opposition to the flow of current Capacitance = Ability of a system to store charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metal = Copper Non-metal = Sulfur Metalloid = Silicon Noble Gas = Argon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionic Bond = Transfer of electrons; usually involves metal and non-metals Covalent Bond = Sharing of electrons; common between 2 non-metals Polar Covalent Bond = Electrons are shared unequally due to electronegativity differences Coordinate Covalent Bond = A bond where one element shares both of its own electrons with another element</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Buffer Capacity = Maximum amount of a strong acid or base that can be added until a significant change in pH occurs Salts = Combination of a positive and negative ion; product of a neutralization reaction Colloids = Particles larger than solutions but smaller than suspensions Chemical Bonds = Forces that hold atoms together to form a compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dalton's Model = Atoms are indivisible and indestructible Thomson's Model = Plum pudding model with positive and negative charges Rutherford's Model = Atom has a small, dense nucleus Bohr's Model = Electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zeroth Law = If 2 systems are in equilibrium with a third system, the first two are in equilibrium with one another Ideal Gas Law = Aka General Gas Law Equation Combined Gas Law = Combination of Boyle's Law and Charles Law; describes volume inversely proportional to pressure Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure = In a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of all components</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acid = Substance that can donate a proton Base = Substance that can accept a proton Neutralization Reaction = Reaction between an acid and a base that produces salt and water pH = Measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionic Bond = A chemical bond formed between two ions with opposite charges Covalent Bond = A bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons Metallic Bond = Bonding that occurs between metal atoms Hydrogen Bond = Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mayonnaise = Colloid Table Salt = Ionic Compound Water = Polar Covalent Compound Soap = Amphipathic Molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avogadro's Law = Equal volumes of different gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules Graham's Law of Diffusion = Under the same conditions, the ratio of diffusion of gases is inversely proportional to the square root of their molecular mass Thomson/Plum Pudding Model = Spherical atom with electrons embedded Rutherford/Nuclear Model = Protons in nucleus, electrons are outside</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bohr/Planetary Model = Electrons are in several definite orbits Wave Mechanical Model = Positive nucleus at center with an electron cloud surrounding it Ideal Gas Law = Aka General Gas Law Equation Combined Gas Law = Describes relation of temperature, volume, and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesis = A + B → AB Decomposition = AB → A + B Single Replacement = A + BC → B + AC Double Replacement = AB + CD → AD + CB</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium Ion = +1 Charge Chloride Ion = -1 Charge Calcium Ion = +2 Charge Nitrate Ion = -1 Charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boyle's Law = Volume inversely proportional to pressure Charles Law = Volume directly proportional to temperature Dalton's Law = Total pressure equals sum of partial pressures Graham's Law = Diffusion rate inversely proportional to molecular mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrochloric Acid = HCl Sulfuric Acid = H2SO4 Sodium Hydroxide = NaOH Acetic Acid = CH3COOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zeroth Law = Establishing thermal equilibrium Ideal Gas Law = Computing gas behaviors under varying T, P, V Graham's Law of Diffusion = Predicting rates of gas diffusion Avogadro's Law = Determining gas volumes at constant T and P</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionic Bond = High melting and boiling points Covalent Bond = Lower melting and boiling points Polar Covalent Bond = Intermediate melting and boiling points Metallic Bond = Good electrical conductivity in solid state</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ideal Gas Law = Relates pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure = States the sum of partial pressures equals total pressure Graham's Law of Diffusion = Compares rates of diffusion based on molar mass Avogadro's Law = Equal volumes of gases have equal molecules at the same conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thomson Model = J.J. Thomson Rutherford Model = Ernest Rutherford Bohr Model = Niels Bohr Wave Mechanical Model = Erwin Schrödinger</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion = Movement of gas particles from high concentration to low Thermal Equilibrium = State where two systems have the same temperature Pressure = Force exerted by gas particles per unit area Molar Mass = Mass of a given substance divided by its number of moles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metallic Bond = Collective sharing of valence electrons between several positively charged metal ions Isoelectronic/Equal Charge = Atoms, ions, or molecules with the same electronic structure Lewis Dot Symbol = Symbol of an element with one dot for each valence electron Intermolecular Bonds (IMF) = Attractive forces between the positive and negative ends of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen Bond = Attractive IMF due to dipole-dipole interactions involving Hydrogen Van der Waals = Weak forces dependent on the distance between atoms or molecules Ion-induced Dipole = Interactions similar to dipole-dipole but involving ions Transition Metals = Elements generally excluded in the Lewis dot symbol due to incompletely filled inner shells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isoelectronic = Atoms having the same number of valence electrons Equal Electric Charge = Atoms or ions with the same electronic configuration Lewis Dot Symbol = Representation of valence electrons of an element Transition Metals = Elements that have incompletely filled inner shells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen Bond = A special class of attractive IMF Van der Waals = Weak interactions based on atomic/molecular distance Ion-induced Dipole = Causes attraction similar to dipole-dipole but with ions Intermolecular Bonds (IMF) = Responsible for physical and chemical properties of matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lanthanides = Metal elements often excluded in Lewis dot symbols Actinides = Incompletely filled inner shells Transition Metals = Known for collective sharing of electrons Metallic Bond = Found among positively charged metal ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metallic Bond = Involves valence electrons shared among metal ions Hydrogen Bond = Dipole-dipole interaction involving hydrogen Ion-induced Dipole = Involves ions inducing a dipole in nearby molecules Van der Waals = Very weak due to reliance on distance between atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intermolecular Bonds (IMF) = Relevant to chemical properties of substances Hydrogen Bond = Important in water molecule interactions Isoelectronic/Equal Charge = Important in determining similar chemical behaviors Lewis Dot Symbol = Useful for identifying bonding in molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Valence Electrons = Electrons involved in bonding Distant Electrons = Electrons that influence Van der Waals interactions Collective Electrons = Electrons shared in metallic bonding Inner Shell Electrons = Electrons excluded from Lewis dot symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Periods = Horizontal rows in the periodic table Groups/Families = Vertical columns in the periodic table Ions = A molecule where electrons and protons are not equal Molecules = Aggregates of atoms held together by chemical forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metallic compounds = Formed between substances between metals Ionic compounds = Involves the transfer of electrons to a more electronegative atom Organic Compounds = Compounds with carbon covalently bonded to other elements Carbides, carbonates = Types of organic compounds containing carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum = Most abundant elements in the crust Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen = Most abundant elements in the body Metals = Conductive materials usually found in Groups Non-metals = Elements lacking metallic properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrode = Conductor used to contact non-metallic parts of a circuit Chemical forces = Forces that hold molecules together Electronegative atom = An atom that attracts electrons more strongly Aggregates = Clusters of atoms forming a defined structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionic Bond = A bond involving the transfer of electrons Covalent Bond = A bond formed by sharing electrons Metallic Bond = A bond that allows free movement of electrons Hydrogen Bond = A weak bond between hydrogen and electronegative atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crust = The outermost layer of a planet Periodic Table = A table displaying all known chemical elements Chemical reactions = Processes that involve the rearrangement of atoms Atomic structure = Arrangement of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionic Bond = Typically occurs between metals and non-metals Covalent Bond = Occurs between two non-metals Metallic Bond = Results in materials that conduct electricity Hydrogen Bond = Responsible for properties of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ions = Charged particles due to imbalance of protons and electrons Molecules = The smallest unit of a chemical compound Organic Compounds = Essential for life, containing carbon Electrodes = Key components in electrochemical cells</p> Signup and view all the answers